Pilarski Robert
Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, James Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43221, USA.
J Genet Couns. 2009 Aug;18(4):303-12. doi: 10.1007/s10897-009-9227-y. Epub 2009 Apr 10.
This paper is a summation of selected history and literature on risk perception as it pertains to genetic counseling and testing, with a focus on hereditary breast and ovarian cancer, the area which has seen the greatest focus of research. Risk perception is a complex and incompletely understood concept which seeks to capture the myriad meanings that an individual attaches to the experience of being at increased risk. It is now evident that "risk", as perceived by the patient, is different from the objective, quantifiable risk estimate often provided to them during genetic counseling. What is also clear is that the complicated set of factors influencing risk perception are not yet well understood, nor are the mechanisms the lead from perceived risk to behavioral change in the patient. In situations where specific behavioral changes such as increased cancer screening are an inherent goal of the genetic risk assessment and counseling process, gaining a better understanding of the specific factors motivating change will be essential.
本文是关于风险认知的选定历史和文献的总结，涉及遗传咨询和检测，重点是遗传性乳腺癌和卵巢癌，这是研究最为集中的领域。风险认知是一个复杂且尚未完全理解的概念，旨在捕捉个体赋予自身处于风险增加状态的各种含义。现在很明显，患者所感知的“风险”与遗传咨询期间通常提供给他们的客观、可量化的风险估计不同。同样清楚的是，影响风险认知的一系列复杂因素尚未得到很好的理解，从感知风险到患者行为改变的机制也不清楚。在诸如增加癌症筛查等特定行为改变是遗传风险评估和咨询过程固有目标的情况下，更好地理解促使改变的具体因素至关重要。
