Formanek Laureline, Richard-Yris Marie-Annick, Houdelier Cecilia, Lumineau Sophie
Université de Rennes 1 CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Campus de Beaulieu, Rennes Cedex, France.
Chronobiol Int. 2009 Apr;26(3):396-414. doi: 10.1080/07420520902892433.
Development involves interactions between genetic and environmental influences. Vertebrate mothers are generally the first individuals to encounter and interact with young animals. Thus, their role is primordial during ontogeny. The present study evaluated non-genomic effects of mothers on the development of rhythms of precocial Japanese quail (Coturnix c. japonica). First, we investigated the influence of mothering on the ontogeny of endogenous rhythms of young. We compared circadian and ultradian rhythms of feeding activity of quail reared with or without adoptive mothers. More brooded than non-brooded quail presented a circadian and/or an ultradian rhythm. Thus, the presence of the mother during the normal brooding period favors, in the long term, expression of rhythms in the young. Second, we investigated the influence of rhythmic phenotype of the mother on the development of endogenous rhythms of young by comparing quail brooded by circadian-rhythmic adoptive mothers (R) to quail brooded by circadian-arrhythmic adoptive mothers (A). More R-brooded than A-brooded quail expressed circadian rhythmicity, and circadian rhythm clarities were greater in R-brooded than A-brooded quail. Ultradian rhythmicity did not differ between R- and A-brooded quail, nor between R and A adoptive mothers. Thus, the rhythmic phenotypes of quail mothers influence the rhythmic phenotypes of their young. Our results demonstrate that mothers of precocial birds influence epigenetically the ontogeny of endogenous rhythms of the young they raise.
发育涉及基因和环境影响之间的相互作用。脊椎动物的母亲通常是最早接触幼崽并与之互动的个体。因此，她们在个体发育过程中的作用至关重要。本研究评估了母亲对早成鸟日本鹌鹑（Coturnix c. japonica）节律发育的非基因组效应。首先，我们研究了育雏对幼鸟内源性节律个体发育的影响。我们比较了由养母抚养或未由养母抚养的鹌鹑进食活动的昼夜节律和超昼夜节律。与未育雏的鹌鹑相比，育雏的鹌鹑表现出昼夜节律和/或超昼夜节律的更多。因此，在正常育雏期母亲的存在从长远来看有利于幼鸟节律的表达。其次，我们通过比较由昼夜节律性养母（R）育雏的鹌鹑和由昼夜无节律性养母（A）育雏的鹌鹑，研究了母亲的节律表型对幼鸟内源性节律发育的影响。与A育雏的鹌鹑相比，R育雏的鹌鹑表现出昼夜节律性的更多，并且R育雏的鹌鹑的昼夜节律清晰度比A育雏的鹌鹑更高。R和A育雏的鹌鹑之间以及R和A养母之间的超昼夜节律性没有差异。因此，鹌鹑母亲的节律表型会影响其幼鸟的节律表型。我们的结果表明，早成鸟的母亲会通过表观遗传影响她们所养育幼鸟内源性节律的个体发育。
