Levine Daniel S
Department of Psychology, 501 South Nedderman Drive, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0528, United States.
Neural Netw. 2009 Apr;22(3):286-93. doi: 10.1016/j.neunet.2009.03.003. Epub 2009 Mar 24.
As roles for different brain regions become clearer, a picture emerges of how primate prefrontal cortex executive circuitry influences subcortical decision making pathways inherited from other mammals. The human's basic needs or drives can be interpreted as residing in an on-center off-surround network in motivational regions of the hypothalamus and brain stem. Such a network has multiple attractors that, in this case, represent the amount of satisfaction of these needs, and we consider and interpret neurally a continuous-time simulated annealing algorithm for moving between attractors under the influence of noise that represents "discontent" combined with "initiative." For decision making on specific tasks, we employ a variety of rules whose neural circuitry appears to involve the amygdala and the orbital, cingulate, and dorsolateral regions of prefrontal cortex. These areas can be interpreted as connected in a three-layer adaptive resonance network. The vigilance of the network, which is influenced by the state of the hypothalamic needs network, determines the level of sophistication of the rule being utilized.
随着不同脑区的作用变得更加清晰，一幅关于灵长类动物前额叶皮层执行回路如何影响从其他哺乳动物继承而来的皮层下决策途径的图景浮现出来。人类的基本需求或驱动力可以被解释为存在于下丘脑和脑干动机区域的一种兴奋中枢抑制外周网络。这样一个网络有多个吸引子，在这种情况下，代表这些需求的满足程度，并且我们从神经学角度考虑并解释一种连续时间模拟退火算法，用于在代表“不满”与“主动性”的噪声影响下在吸引子之间移动。对于特定任务的决策，我们采用多种规则，其神经回路似乎涉及杏仁核以及前额叶皮层的眶部、扣带回和背外侧区域。这些区域可以被解释为在一个三层自适应共振网络中相互连接。该网络的警觉性受下丘脑需求网络状态的影响，决定了所使用规则的复杂程度。
