Mainous A G, Hougland J G
Department of Family Practice, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536-0226.
Fam Med. 1991 Sep-Oct;23(7):539-43.
Survey research methods are often used to answer questions in primary care medicine. Consequently, investigators must understand and address sampling issues. Probability sampling designs have particular utility for questions that seem most appropriate for survey research. These designs provide each member of the population with a known probability of selection, and if performed properly with an appropriate sample size, they provide a sample with essentially no selection bias. Examples of random and stratified sampling designs are presented. These two probability designs, along with nonprobability sampling techniques (convenience, purposive, quota), are discussed in terms of bias, error, and possible limitations.
调查研究方法常用于解答初级保健医学中的问题。因此，研究人员必须理解并解决抽样问题。概率抽样设计对于那些似乎最适合调查研究的问题具有特殊的效用。这些设计为总体中的每个成员提供已知的被选中概率，并且如果以适当的样本量正确执行，它们会提供一个基本没有选择偏差的样本。文中给出了随机抽样和分层抽样设计的示例。将从偏差、误差和可能的局限性方面对这两种概率设计以及非概率抽样技术（便利抽样、立意抽样、配额抽样）进行讨论。
