大麻中Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚的作用：与使用、滥用、依赖的关系。
Actions of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cannabis: relation to use, abuse, dependence.
作者信息
Cooper Ziva D, Haney Margaret
机构信息
Division on Substance Abuse, New York Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
出版信息
Int Rev Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;21(2):104-12. doi: 10.1080/09540260902782752.
Abstract
Cannabis use disorders have been recently identified as a relevant clinical issue: a subset of cannabis smokers seeks treatment for their cannabis use, yet few succeed in maintaining long-term abstinence. The rewarding and positive reinforcing effects of the primary psychoactive component of smoked cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are mediated by the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. The CB1 receptor has also been shown to mediate cannabinoid dependence and expression of withdrawal upon cessation of drug administration, a phenomenon verified across species. This paper will review findings implicating the CB1 receptor in the behavioural effects of exogenous cannabinoids with a focus on cannabinoid dependence and reinforcement, factors that contribute to the maintenance of chronic cannabis smoking despite negative consequences. Opioidergic modulation of these effects is also discussed.
摘要
大麻使用障碍最近已被确认为一个相关的临床问题
一部分大麻吸烟者寻求治疗其大麻使用问题，但很少有人能成功保持长期戒断。吸食大麻的主要精神活性成分Δ⁹-四氢大麻酚（THC）的奖赏和正性强化作用是由大麻素CB1受体介导的。CB1受体也已被证明可介导大麻素依赖性以及药物给药停止后戒断反应的表达，这一现象在多个物种中都得到了证实。本文将综述有关CB1受体在外源性大麻素行为效应中的作用的研究结果，重点关注大麻素依赖性和强化作用，以及尽管存在负面后果但仍促使慢性大麻吸食持续的因素。还将讨论这些效应的阿片能调节作用。
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