Bisplinghoff Jill A, Duma Stefan M
Virginia Tech-Wake Forest Center for Injury Biomechanics, Blackburg, VA.
Biomed Sci Instrum. 2009;45:107-12.
Half of eye injuries in the United States are caused by a blunt impact and more specifically, eye injuries effecting children often result from projectile shooting toys. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk of eye injuries of currently available projectile shooting toys. In order to assess the risk of each toy, a Facial and Ocular Countermeasure Safety (FOCUS) headform was used to measure the force applied to the eye during each hit for a total of 18 tests. The selected toys included a dart gun, a foam launcher, and a ball launcher. The force ranged from 4-93 N and was analyzed using the injury risk function for globe rupture for the FOCUS headform. Projectile characteristics were also examined using normalized energy to determine risk of corneal abrasion, hyphema, lens dislocation, retinal damage and globe rupture. It was found that the three toys tested produced peak loads corresponding with risk of globe rupture between 0% and 17.3%. The normalized energy results show no risk of hyphema, lens dislocation, retinal damage or globe rupture and a maximum risk of corneal abrasion of 5.9%. This study concludes that although there are many eye injuries caused by projectiles, the selected toys show a very low risk of eye injury.
在美国，一半的眼部损伤是由钝器撞击造成的，更具体地说，影响儿童的眼部损伤通常是由弹射玩具导致的。本研究的目的是评估当前市面上弹射玩具造成眼部损伤的风险。为了评估每个玩具的风险，使用面部和眼部对策安全（FOCUS）头模来测量每次撞击时施加在眼睛上的力，共进行了18次测试。所选玩具包括飞镖枪、泡沫发射器和球发射器。力的范围为4 - 93牛，并使用FOCUS头模的眼球破裂损伤风险函数进行分析。还使用归一化能量检查了射弹特性，以确定角膜擦伤、前房积血、晶状体脱位、视网膜损伤和眼球破裂的风险。结果发现，测试的三种玩具产生的峰值负荷与眼球破裂风险相对应，介于0%至17.3%之间。归一化能量结果显示无前房积血、晶状体脱位、视网膜损伤或眼球破裂风险，角膜擦伤的最大风险为5.9%。本研究得出结论，尽管有许多眼部损伤是由射弹造成的，但所选玩具造成眼部损伤的风险非常低。
