Delgadillo J Alberto, Gelez Helene, Ungerfeld Rodolfo, Hawken Penelope A R, Martin Graeme B
Centro de Investigación en Reproducción Caprina, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Periférico Raúl López Sánchez y Carretera a Santa Fe, Coahuila, Mexico.
Behav Brain Res. 2009 Jun 25;200(2):304-14. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.02.004.
Male-induced ovulation in sheep and goats (the 'male effect'), documented during the period 1940-1960, has long been shrouded in preconceptions concerning how, when and why it worked. These preconceptions became dogmas but recent research is challenging them so, in this review, we have re-visited some major physiological (breed seasonality; characteristics of the response; the nature of the male stimuli) and physical factors (duration of male presence; isolation from male stimuli) that affect the phenomenon. We reject the dogma that ewes must be isolated from males and conclude that male 'novelty' is more important than isolation per se. Similarly, we reject the perception that the neuroendocrine component of the male effect is restricted to anovulatory females. Finally, we re-assess the relative importance of olfactory and non-olfactory signals, and develop a perspective on the way male-induced ovulation fits with preconceptions about pheromonal processes in mammals. Overall, our understanding of the male effect has evolved significantly and it is time to modify or reject our dogmas so this field of research can advance. We can now ask new questions regarding the application of the male effect in industry and develop research so we can fully understand this biological phenomenon.
绵羊和山羊的雄性诱导排卵（“雄性效应”）在1940年至1960年期间有记载，长期以来一直被关于其作用方式、时间和原因的先入之见所笼罩。这些先入之见变成了教条，但最近的研究正在对它们提出挑战，因此在本综述中，我们重新审视了一些影响该现象的主要生理因素（繁殖季节性；反应特征；雄性刺激的性质）和物理因素（雄性存在的持续时间；与雄性刺激隔离）。我们摒弃了母羊必须与公羊隔离的教条，并得出结论，雄性“新奇感”比隔离本身更重要。同样，我们也摒弃了雄性效应的神经内分泌成分仅限于无排卵能力雌性的观点。最后，我们重新评估嗅觉信号和非嗅觉信号的相对重要性，并对雄性诱导排卵与哺乳动物信息素过程的先入之见相契合的方式形成一种观点。总体而言，我们对雄性效应的理解已经有了显著进展，现在是时候修改或摒弃我们的教条了，以便这一研究领域能够取得进展。我们现在可以就雄性效应在产业中的应用提出新问题，并开展研究，从而能够全面理解这一生物学现象。
