Richardson Karen, Hagen Suzanne
Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Professions Research Unit, Glasgow Caledonian University.
Br J Nurs. 2009;18(5):294-6, 298-300. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2009.18.5.40710.
Pelvic organ prolapse is a common female complaint, with 50% of women experiencing some degree of pelvic relaxation, although not all have any symptoms. Prolapse is found most commonly in the anterior vaginal walls. Posterior vaginal wall and apical prolapse are the other, less common, categories. There are a large number of potential risk factors, but increased age, parity and body mass index are most consistently reported. A variety of symptoms may be experienced, including a feeling of something coming down, pelvic heaviness, urinary, bowel and sexual dysfunction. Two main treatment options exist, conservative management (pessary or pelvic floor rehabilitation) or surgical repair, however the evidence-base for treatment is weak. The specialist nurse is well-placed to contribute to the initial assessment, management and ongoing support of women with prolapse.
盆腔器官脱垂是女性常见的问题，50%的女性会出现一定程度的盆腔松弛，尽管并非所有人都有症状。脱垂最常见于阴道前壁。阴道后壁和顶端脱垂则是其他较不常见的类型。有大量潜在风险因素，但年龄增长、多产和体重指数增加是最常被报道的因素。可能会出现多种症状，包括有东西下坠感、盆腔沉重感、泌尿、肠道和性功能障碍。主要有两种治疗选择，保守治疗（子宫托或盆底康复）或手术修复，然而治疗的循证依据不足。专科护士在对脱垂女性的初始评估、管理和持续支持方面能发挥重要作用。
