Miles A Keith, Ricca Mark A, Anthony Robert G, Estes James A
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Davis Field Station, 1 Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2009 Aug;28(8):1643-54. doi: 10.1897/08-498.1.
Organochlorines were examined in liver and stable isotopes in muscle of fishes from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, in relation to islands or locations affected by military occupation. Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus), Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis), and rock greenling (Hexagrammos lagocephalus) were collected from nearshore waters at contemporary (decommissioned) and historical (World War II) military locations, as well as at reference locations. Total (Sigma) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dominated the suite of organochlorine groups (SigmaDDTs, Sigmachlordane cyclodienes, Sigmaother cyclodienes, and Sigmachlorinated benzenes and cyclohexanes) detected in fishes at all locations, followed by SigmaDDTs and Sigmachlordanes; dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'DDE) composed 52 to 66% of SigmaDDTs by species. Organochlorine concentrations were higher or similar in cod compared to halibut and lowest in greenling; they were among the highest for fishes in Arctic or near Arctic waters. Organochlorine group concentrations varied among species and locations, but SigmaPCB concentrations in all species were consistently higher at military locations than at reference locations. Moreover, all organochlorine group concentrations were higher in halibut from military locations than those from reference locations. A wide range of molecular weight organochlorines was detected at all locations, which implied regional or long-range transport and deposition, as well as local point-source contamination. Furthermore, a preponderance of higher-chlorinated PCB congeners in fishes from contemporary military islands implied recent exposure. Concentrations in all organochlorine groups increased with delta15N enrichment in fishes, and analyses of residual variation provided further evidence of different sources of SigmaPCBs and p,p'DDE among species and locations.
对来自阿拉斯加阿留申群岛西部鱼类的肝脏中的有机氯和肌肉中的稳定同位素进行了检测，这些鱼类来自受军事占领影响的岛屿或地点。从当代（已退役）和历史（第二次世界大战）军事地点以及参考地点的近岸水域采集了太平洋鳕鱼（大头鳕）、太平洋大比目鱼（狭鳞庸鲽）和六线鱼。在所有地点的鱼类中检测到的有机氯组（总滴滴涕、总氯丹环二烯、其他环二烯和氯化苯及环己烷）中，多氯联苯（PCBs）总量占主导，其次是总滴滴涕和总氯丹；按物种计算，二氯二苯二氯乙烯（p,p'-DDE）占总滴滴涕的52%至66%。鳕鱼体内的有机氯浓度高于或类似于大比目鱼，而六线鱼体内的最低；它们处于北极或近北极水域鱼类中最高的浓度之列。有机氯组浓度因物种和地点而异，但所有物种在军事地点的多氯联苯总量浓度始终高于参考地点。此外，来自军事地点的大比目鱼体内所有有机氯组浓度均高于参考地点的。在所有地点都检测到了广泛分子量的有机氯，这意味着存在区域或远距离传输与沉积，以及当地点源污染。此外，来自当代军事岛屿鱼类中高氯代多氯联苯同系物占优势，这意味着近期有暴露情况。所有有机氯组的浓度都随着鱼类中δ15N的富集而增加，对残差变异的分析进一步证明了不同物种和地点的多氯联苯总量和p,p'-DDE的来源不同。
