del Rio Ana, Cervera Carlos, Moreno Asunción, Moreillon Phillipe, Miró José M
Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi-Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Clin Infect Dis. 2009 May 15;48 Suppl 4:S246-53. doi: 10.1086/598187.
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causative pathogens of bloodstream infections (BSIs). In approximately one-half of patients with S. aureus BSI, no portal of entry can be documented. This group of patients has a high risk of developing septic metastases. Similarly, patient populations at high risk of S. aureus BSI and BSI-associated complications include patients receiving hemodialysis, injection drug users, patients with diabetes, and patients with preexisting cardiac conditions or other comorbidities. One of the most severe complications of S. aureus BSI is infective endocarditis, and S. aureus is now the most common cause of infective endocarditis in the developed world. Patients with methicillin-resistant S. aureus BSI or infective endocarditis have higher rates of mortality, compared with patients with methicillin-susceptible S. aureus infection. Nasal carriage is the most important source of S. aureus BSI. Better eradication and control strategies, including nasal decolonization and more-active antibiotics, are needed to combat S. aureus BSIs.
金黄色葡萄球菌是血流感染（BSIs）最常见的致病病原体之一。在大约一半的金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染患者中，无法记录到感染入口。这组患者发生脓毒性转移的风险很高。同样，金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染及血流感染相关并发症的高危患者群体包括接受血液透析的患者、注射吸毒者、糖尿病患者以及患有既往心脏病或其他合并症的患者。金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染最严重的并发症之一是感染性心内膜炎，金黄色葡萄球菌现在是发达国家感染性心内膜炎最常见的病因。与甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌感染患者相比，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染或感染性心内膜炎患者的死亡率更高。鼻腔携带是金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染最重要的来源。需要更好的根除和控制策略，包括鼻腔去定植和更积极的抗生素治疗，以对抗金黄色葡萄球菌血流感染。
