Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, 400 West 11th Street, 236 Schrenk Hall, Rolla, MO 65409, USA.
Brain Res. 2009 Jun 12;1275:87-95. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.008. Epub 2009 Apr 15.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. Methamphetamine (METH) is an amphetamine analog that causes degeneration of the dopaminergic system in mammals and subsequent oxidative stress. In our present study, we have used immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial (HBMVEC) cells to test whether N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), a novel antioxidant, prevents METH-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Our studies showed that NACA protects against METH-induced oxidative stress in HBMVEC cells. NACA significantly protected the integrity of our blood brain barrier (BBB) model, as shown by permeability and trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) studies. NACA also significantly increased the levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased dramatically after METH exposure, but this increase was almost completely prevented when the cells were treated with NACA. Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) also increased after METH exposure, but was reduced to control levels with NACA treatment, as measured by dichlorofluorescin (DCF). These results suggest that NACA protects the BBB integrity in vitro, which could prevent oxidative stress-induced damage; therefore, the effectiveness of this antioxidant should be evaluated for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
氧化应激在神经退行性疾病如帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病中起着重要作用。甲基苯丙胺(METH)是一种苯丙胺类似物,它会导致哺乳动物多巴胺能系统的退化和随后的氧化应激。在我们目前的研究中,我们使用永生的人脑血管内皮(HBMVEC)细胞来测试新型抗氧化剂 N-乙酰半胱氨酸酰胺(NACA)是否可以预防体外 METH 诱导的氧化应激。我们的研究表明,NACA 可防止 HBMVEC 细胞中的 METH 诱导的氧化应激。NACA 显著保护了我们的血脑屏障(BBB)模型的完整性,这可以通过通透性和跨内皮电阻(TEER)研究来证明。NACA 还显著增加了细胞内谷胱甘肽(GSH)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)的水平。丙二醛(MDA)水平在 METH 暴露后急剧增加,但在用 NACA 处理细胞时,这种增加几乎完全被阻止。METH 暴露后活性氧(ROS)的产生也增加,但用 NACA 处理后降至对照水平,如二氯荧光素(DCF)测量所示。这些结果表明,NACA 可保护体外 BBB 的完整性,从而可以防止氧化应激引起的损伤;因此,未来应评估这种抗氧化剂在治疗神经退行性疾病方面的有效性。
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