Barak Segev
Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
Behav Brain Res. 2009 Dec 7;204(2):335-51. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.04.006. Epub 2009 Apr 17.
Symptoms of schizophrenia, commonly divided into positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and cognitive impairments, exhibit different sensitivity to pharmacological treatments. As such, they are typically modeled in animals by behavioral effects of drugs that evoke these symptoms in humans, such as amphetamine or phencyclidine (PCP). Despite the fact that muscarinic antagonists also evoke a schizophrenia-like syndrome ("antimuscarinic syndrome") and findings of cholinergic-related alterations in brains of schizophrenia patients, modeling schizophrenia using muscarinic manipulations has been infrequently considered, and the effects of muscarinic blockade on behavioral tasks relevant to schizophrenia have not been adequately characterized. The present review surveys recent attempts to model schizophrenia-related symptoms using manipulations causing cholinergic dysfunction, particularly muscarinic blockade, in well validated behavioral models of schizophrenia, such as prepulse inhibition and latent inhibition.
精神分裂症的症状通常分为阳性症状、阴性症状和认知障碍，对药物治疗表现出不同的敏感性。因此，它们通常在动物中通过能在人类中诱发这些症状的药物的行为效应来模拟，如苯丙胺或苯环己哌啶（PCP）。尽管毒蕈碱拮抗剂也会诱发类似精神分裂症的综合征（“抗毒蕈碱综合征”），且在精神分裂症患者大脑中发现了与胆碱能相关的改变，但使用毒蕈碱操作来模拟精神分裂症的情况很少被考虑，毒蕈碱阻断对与精神分裂症相关的行为任务的影响也尚未得到充分描述。本综述调查了最近在经过充分验证的精神分裂症行为模型（如前脉冲抑制和潜伏抑制）中，使用导致胆碱能功能障碍（特别是毒蕈碱阻断）的操作来模拟精神分裂症相关症状的尝试。
