Giannoni E, Fiaschi T, Ramponi G, Chiarugi P
Department of Biochemical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
Oncogene. 2009 May 21;28(20):2074-86. doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.77. Epub 2009 Apr 20.
Resistance to detachment-induced apoptosis, a process commonly referred as anoikis, is emerging as a hallmark of metastatic malignancies, mainly because it can ensure anchorage-independent growth and survival during organ colonization. Besides, a sustained oxidative stress has been associated with several steps of carcinogenesis, including transformation and achievement of a motile mesenchymal phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that metastatic prostate carcinoma cells, undergoing a constitutive deregulated production of reactive oxygen species due to sustained activation of 5-lipoxygenase, lack suicidal pathways in response to lack of matrix contact. These amplified and persistent redox signals in PC3 cells leads to maintenance of Src oxidation and activation in the absence of adhesion, thereby sustaining a ligand-independent phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor. This leads to chronic activation of pro-survival signals, culminating in degradation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim, thereby promoting cell survival even in the absence of proper adhesion. Anoikis sensitivity of metastatic cells is restored with antioxidant intervention or genetic manipulation of the redox-mediated pro-survival pathway, as well as exposure to a pro-oxidant environment strongly increases anoikis resistance in non-transformed prostate epithelial cells. Hence, our results allow new insight into the aetiology of the molecular mechanisms granting anoikis resistance of metastatic cancers, opening new avenues to pharmacological intervention for antioxidant-sensitive invasive tumours.
对脱离诱导的细胞凋亡(一种通常称为失巢凋亡的过程)的抵抗正成为转移性恶性肿瘤的一个标志,主要是因为它能确保在器官定植过程中实现不依赖锚定的生长和存活。此外,持续的氧化应激与致癌作用的几个步骤相关,包括细胞转化和获得运动性间充质表型。在此,我们证明,由于5-脂氧合酶的持续激活,转移性前列腺癌细胞经历了活性氧物质的组成性失调产生,在缺乏基质接触时缺乏自杀途径。PC3细胞中这些放大且持续的氧化还原信号导致在无黏附情况下Src的氧化和激活得以维持,从而维持表皮生长因子受体的非配体依赖性磷酸化。这导致促生存信号的慢性激活,最终导致促凋亡蛋白Bim降解,从而即使在缺乏适当黏附的情况下也能促进细胞存活。通过抗氧化干预或对氧化还原介导的促生存途径进行基因操作可恢复转移性细胞的失巢凋亡敏感性,并且暴露于促氧化环境会强烈增加未转化前列腺上皮细胞的失巢凋亡抗性。因此,我们的结果为赋予转移性癌症失巢凋亡抗性的分子机制的病因学提供了新的见解,为对抗氧化敏感的侵袭性肿瘤的药物干预开辟了新途径。