Takada Masahiko
Department of System Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, 2-6 Musashidai, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan.
Brain Nerve. 2009 Apr;61(4):338-9.
The basal ganglia consist of the striatum, globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus. Further, the striatum is classified into the caudate nucleus and the putamen; the globus pallidus, into the external (GPe) and internal segments (GPi); and the substantia nigra, into the pars compacta (SNc) and pars reticulata (SNr). With regard to the framework of information flow, the striatum constitutes the input station of the basal ganglia, and both the GPi and SNr constitute the output stations. Dopaminergic input from the SNc modulates the activity of striatal neurons. In the basal ganglia, there is a direct pathway that links the input and output stations and an indirect pathway that connects these stations by way of the GPe and the subthalamic nucleus. These 2 pathways regulate the net activity of the basal ganglia, thus providing the processed information to output targets, such as the thalamus.
基底神经节由纹状体、苍白球、黑质和丘脑底核组成。此外，纹状体分为尾状核和壳核；苍白球分为外侧段（GPe）和内侧段（GPi）；黑质分为致密部（SNc）和网状部（SNr）。关于信息流框架，纹状体构成基底神经节的输入站，GPi和SNr均构成输出站。来自SNc的多巴胺能输入调节纹状体神经元的活动。在基底神经节中，有一条直接通路连接输入站和输出站，还有一条间接通路通过GPe和丘脑底核连接这些站。这两条通路调节基底神经节的净活动，从而将处理后的信息提供给输出靶点，如丘脑。
