[Institutionalization of the sciences, gender system, and scientific production in Brazi (1939-1969)].

Thanks to policies put in place in the 1930s, women's experiences in higher education increased their professional participation in the academic and scientific worlds. Largely neglected in Brazilian historiography of the sciences, analysis of this phenomenon introduces a new perspective on the meaning of institutionalization and professionalization of scientific activities, a process in which women have played an authentic role. We explore their presence by analyzing the scientific production published in four journals between 1939 and 1969. Gender differences are detected according to the standard of the publication.