Knaepen K, Cumps E, Zinzen E, Meeusen R
Department of Movement Education and Sports Training, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Ergonomics. 2009 Apr;52(4):461-73. doi: 10.1080/00140130802707766.
Low-back problems (LBP) are one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in the general population, with reported lifetime prevalences of 50% to 80%. Also, certain sports participants (e.g. gymnasts, alpine skiers, runners) are at risk of LBP and its repercussions. This epidemiological study was undertaken to examine the lifetime and 1-year prevalence of LBP among recreational Flemish self-contained breathing apparatus (scuba) divers and to identify general and sport-specific risk factors associated with the occurrence of LBP. A retrospective self-assessment questionnaire was developed and assessed for validity and reliability, to gather data concerning demographics, LBP prevalence and associated risk factors and injuries among active scuba divers. A total of 181 recreational scuba divers (men: n = 138, mean age 40.3 +/- 12.8 years; women: n = 43, mean age 35.0 +/- 10.9 years) from 10 randomly selected internationally recognised scuba diving clubs participated in the study. Lifetime and 1-year prevalence of LBP among recreational Flemish scuba divers were 55.8% and 50.3%, respectively. General risk factors for LBP were found to include prior history of LBP, structural abnormalities, heavy workload, pregnancy and parturition, general fatigue and bending forwards and backwards. Scuba divers suffering from LBP generally had a significantly higher dive certificate than those without LBP (p = 0.007). Symptomatic scuba divers also used significantly more weights on their weight belts during indoor training (p = 0.003) and during outdoor dives with a dry suit (p = 0.044) as compared to asymptomatic scuba divers. In scuba diving, reliable sport-specific risk factors for LBP were found to be scarce. Further biomechanical research is required to point out whether or not scuba diving characteristics actually contribute to LBP.
下背部问题（LBP）是普通人群中最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病之一，据报道终生患病率为50%至80%。此外，某些运动参与者（如体操运动员、高山滑雪者、跑步者）有患LBP及其后果的风险。这项流行病学研究旨在调查弗拉芒休闲自给式呼吸器（水肺）潜水员中LBP的终生患病率和1年患病率，并确定与LBP发生相关的一般和特定运动风险因素。我们编制了一份回顾性自我评估问卷，并对其有效性和可靠性进行了评估，以收集有关活跃水肺潜水员的人口统计学、LBP患病率、相关风险因素和损伤的数据。来自10个随机选择的国际认可水肺潜水俱乐部的181名休闲水肺潜水员（男性：n = 138，平均年龄40.3 +/- 12.8岁；女性：n = 43，平均年龄35.0 +/- 10.9岁）参与了这项研究。弗拉芒休闲水肺潜水员中LBP的终生患病率和1年患病率分别为55.8%和50.3%。发现LBP的一般风险因素包括LBP既往史、结构异常、繁重的工作量、怀孕和分娩、全身疲劳以及前后弯曲。患有LBP的水肺潜水员通常比没有LBP的潜水员拥有更高的潜水证书（p = 0.007）。与无症状水肺潜水员相比，有症状的水肺潜水员在室内训练期间（p = 0.003）以及穿着干式潜水服进行户外潜水时（p = 0.044）在配重带上使用的重量也明显更多。在水肺潜水中，发现可靠的特定运动LBP风险因素很少。需要进一步的生物力学研究来指出水肺潜水的特点是否真的会导致LBP。
