Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, People's Republic of China.
Proc Biol Sci. 2010 Jan 22;277(1679):337-44. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2009.0149. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
A new Homo erectus endocast, Zhoukoudian (ZKD) V, is assessed by comparing it with ZKD II, ZKD III, ZKD X, ZKD XI, ZKD XII, Hexian, Trinil II, Sambungmacan (Sm) 3, Sangiran 2, Sangiran 17, KNM-ER 3733, KNM-WT 15 000, Kabwe, Liujiang and 31 modern Chinese. The endocast of ZKD V has an estimated endocranial volume of 1140 ml. As the geological age of ZKD V is younger than the other ZKD H. erectus, evolutionary changes in brain morphology are evaluated. The brain size of the ZKD specimens increases slightly over time. Compared with the other ZKD endocasts, ZKD V shows important differences, including broader frontal and occipital lobes, some indication of fuller parietal lobes, and relatively large brain size that reflect significant trends documented in later hominin brain evolution. Bivariate and principal component analyses indicate that geographical variation does not characterize the ZKD, African and other Asian specimens. The ZKD endocasts share some common morphological and morphometric features with other H. erectus endocasts that distinguish them from Homo sapiens.
一个新的直立人内颅骨，周口店（ZKD）V，通过与 ZKD II、ZKD III、ZKD X、ZKD XI、ZKD XII、和县、特尼里 II、桑吉兰 2、桑吉兰 17、KNM-ER 3733、KNM-WT 15000、卡布韦、柳江和 31 个现代中国人进行比较来评估。ZKD V 的内颅骨估计有 1140 毫升的颅内体积。由于 ZKD V 的地质年龄比其他周口店直立人年轻，因此评估了脑形态的进化变化。随着时间的推移，ZKD 标本的大脑大小略有增加。与其他周口店内颅骨相比，ZKD V 显示出重要的差异，包括更宽的额骨和枕骨叶，一些顶骨更饱满的迹象，以及相对较大的大脑尺寸，反映了在后来的人类脑进化中记录的显著趋势。双变量和主成分分析表明，地理变异并不以 ZKD、非洲和其他亚洲标本为特征。ZKD 内颅骨与其他直立人内颅骨具有一些共同的形态和形态特征，使它们与智人区别开来。
