Iwamatsu Masao
Department of Physics, School of Liberal Arts, Tokyo City University (Musashi Institute of Technology), Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan.
J Chem Phys. 2009 Apr 28;130(16):164512. doi: 10.1063/1.3121965.
The generic square-gradient density-functional model with triple-parabolic free energy is used to study the stability of a cavity introduced into the stretched liquid. The various properties of the critical cavity, which is the largest stable cavity within the liquid, are compared with those of the critical bubble of the homogeneous bubble nucleation. It is found that the size of the critical cavity is always smaller than that of the critical bubble, while the work of formation of the former is always higher than the latter in accordance with the conjectures made by Punnathanam and Corti [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 10224 (2003)] deduced from the Lennard-Jones fluids. Therefore their conjectures about the critical cavity size and the work of formation would be more general and valid even for other types of liquid such as metallic liquid or amorphous. However, the scaling relations they found for the critical cavity in the Lennard-Jones fluid are marginally satisfied only near the spinodal.
采用具有三次抛物线自由能的通用方梯度密度泛函模型来研究引入拉伸液体中的空穴的稳定性。将液体中最大的稳定空穴即临界空穴的各种性质与均匀气泡成核的临界气泡的性质进行了比较。结果发现，临界空穴的尺寸总是小于临界气泡的尺寸，而根据从 Lennard-Jones 流体推导得出的 Punnathanam 和 Corti [《化学物理杂志》119, 10224 (2003)] 的推测，前者的形成功总是高于后者。因此，他们关于临界空穴尺寸和形成功的推测对于其他类型的液体（如金属液体或非晶态液体）将更具普遍性和有效性。然而，他们在 Lennard-Jones 流体中发现的临界空穴的标度关系仅在旋节线附近勉强满足。
