Mach Ondrej, Lu Lydia, Creek Tracy, Bowen Anna, Arvelo Wences, Smit Molly, Masunge Japhter, Brennan Muireann, Handzel Thomas
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009 May;80(5):812-8.
In early 2006, coinciding with heavy rains, Botswana health facilities reported increases in diarrhea, mortality, and acute malnutrition among young children. Data on diarrhea, human immunodeficiency virus, feeding, mortality, and water/sanitation were collected by random cluster survey. Anthropometric data were measured and drinking water samples were tested. Of 537 surveyed children less than five years of age, one-third experienced >or= 1 episode of diarrhea. Prevalence of acute malnutrition was 7.9%, and the mortality rate for children less than five years of age was 2.6/10,000/day during the outbreak. Significant risk factors for diarrhea included an age less than two years; breastfeeding was protective. Diarrhea lasting for more than 14 days and failure to thrive were risk factors for acute malnutrition. Prevalence of acute malnutrition was higher than previously documented and the mortality rate in children less than five years of age during the outbreak was above the international threshold for emergency action with an estimated 547 excess deaths. This survey highlights the need for safe infant feeding and effective treatment of malnutrition and diarrhea in young children.
2006年初，正值暴雨期间，博茨瓦纳的医疗机构报告称，幼儿腹泻、死亡率和急性营养不良情况有所增加。通过随机整群抽样调查收集了腹泻、人体免疫缺陷病毒、喂养、死亡率以及水/卫生设施方面的数据。测量了人体测量数据并检测了饮用水样本。在接受调查的537名五岁以下儿童中，三分之一经历过≥1次腹泻发作。急性营养不良患病率为7.9%，在疫情暴发期间，五岁以下儿童的死亡率为2.6/10000/天。腹泻的重要风险因素包括年龄小于两岁；母乳喂养具有保护作用。持续超过14天的腹泻和发育不良是急性营养不良的风险因素。急性营养不良患病率高于此前记录，疫情暴发期间五岁以下儿童的死亡率高于国际紧急行动阈值，估计有547例额外死亡。这项调查凸显了对幼儿进行安全婴儿喂养以及有效治疗营养不良和腹泻的必要性。
