Brajević-Gizdić Igna, Mulić Rosanda, Pletikosa Magda, Kljajić Zlatko
Department of Prevention of Addiction Diseases, Public Health Institute of Split and Dalmatia County, Split, Croatia.
Coll Antropol. 2009 Mar;33(1):225-31.
The aim of this study was to compare investigators' perception of three most important etiological factors for drug addiction and drug abuse with the self-perception of heroin addicts and drug abusers who used cannabis products and/or ecstasy. The study included 207 heroin addicts (mean age, 26.7 +/- 5.8 years) and 238 drug abusers (mean age, 19.3 +/- 1.9 years). Each study participant selected the three most important etiological factors for drug addiction or drug abuse from the list in the Pompidou questionnaire according to his or her perception. An investigator also selected the three most important etiological factors for drug addiction or abuse according to his or her perception for each study participant. The self-selected factors were compared with those selected by the investigators. Heroin addicts most often selected hedonism as the first (n = 97 [46.9%]) and the second (n = 87 [42.0%]) most important factor for starting using drugs, whereas family reasons were most often selected as the third most important factor (n = 58 [28.0%]). Cannabis and ecstasy abusers most frequently selected hedonism as the first (n = 149 [62.6%]), second (n = 128 [53.8%]), and third (n = 76 [31.9%]) most important factor for starting using drugs. According to investigators' perception, family reasons were the first most important etiologic factor in both heroin addicts (n = 93 [44.9%]) and drug abusers (n = 144 [60.5%]). Psychological reasons were significantly more often selected as the first most important factor for heroin addiction than for cannabis or ecstasy abuse by both participants and investigators (P < 0.001 for both). Also, according to investigators' perception, the lack of knowledge was significantly more frequent as the second most important factor in heroin addicts than in cannabis or ecstasy abusers (55 [26.6%] vs 19 [8.0%], respectively; P < 0.001). Drug addicts and drug abusers considered hedonism the most important reason for starting drug use, whereas investigators considered family reasons to be the primary reason. Both factors seemed to play the crucial role in the development of both drug addiction and drug abuse.
本研究的目的是比较调查人员对药物成瘾和药物滥用三个最重要病因的看法，以及使用大麻制品和/或摇头丸的海洛因成瘾者和药物滥用者的自我认知。该研究纳入了207名海洛因成瘾者（平均年龄26.7±5.8岁）和238名药物滥用者（平均年龄19.3±1.9岁）。每位研究参与者根据自己的认知从庞皮杜问卷中的列表里选择药物成瘾或药物滥用的三个最重要病因。一名调查人员也根据自己对每位研究参与者的认知选择药物成瘾或滥用的三个最重要病因。将自我选择的因素与调查人员选择的因素进行比较。海洛因成瘾者最常选择享乐主义作为开始使用毒品的首要（n = 97 [46.9%]）和第二重要（n = 87 [42.0%]）因素，而家庭原因最常被选为第三重要因素（n = 58 [28.0%]）。大麻和摇头丸滥用者最常选择享乐主义作为开始使用毒品的首要（n = 149 [62.6%]）、第二（n = 128 [53.8%]）和第三（n = 76 [31.9%]）重要因素。根据调查人员的认知，家庭原因是海洛因成瘾者（n = 93 [44.9%]）和药物滥用者（n = 144 [60.5%]）中首要的最重要病因。参与者和调查人员都认为，心理原因作为海洛因成瘾的首要最重要因素的选择频率显著高于大麻或摇头丸滥用（两者P均<0.001）。此外，根据调查人员的认知，缺乏知识作为海洛因成瘾者第二重要因素的频率显著高于大麻或摇头丸滥用者（分别为55 [26.6%] 对19 [8.0%]；P < 0.001）。药物成瘾者和药物滥用者认为享乐主义是开始吸毒的最重要原因，而调查人员认为家庭原因是主要原因。这两个因素似乎在药物成瘾和药物滥用的发展中都起着关键作用。
