Guasch E, Alsina E, Díez J, Ruiz R, Gilsanz F
Servicio de Anestesiología y Reanimación, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim. 2009 Mar;56(3):139-46. doi: 10.1016/s0034-9356(09)70356-1.
To describe the management of severe postpartum hemorrhage.
Prospective observational study from July 2005 to November 2007 in women who were admitted to the recovery unit of a tertiary referral hospital due to postpartum hemorrhage. We analyzed incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and associated risk factors.
The study included 21,726 deliveries (124 with severe bleeding). Postpartum hemorrhage was more common after an instrumental delivery (odds ratio [OR], 4.54) and after a cesarean delivery (OR, 2.86). The risk factors identified in the study population were multiple gestation pregnancy and fetal death. One patient died due to disseminated intravascular coagulation. The main causes of bleeding were uterine atony (45.2%) followed by vaginal tearing (26.6%). Treatment was provided using packed red blood cells in 96.8% of the patients, fibrinogen in 49.2%, prothrombin complex in 7.25% and activated factor VII in 3.2%. Selective arterial embolization was performed in 10.5% of the cases (success rate, 84.6%) and hysterectomy was required in 13.7%. The main complications were need for postoperative mechanical ventilation (11.3%), myocardial ischemia (4%), pulmonary edema (4.8%), acute renal failure (8.9%), ventricular fibrillation (0.8%), and death (0.8%).
The incidence of severe postpartum hemorrhage in patients treated at our hospital is low, as is the mortality rate. Use of fibrinogen is common and provides good results. Angiographic embolization is very effective, though the percentage of hysterectomies is still high. Multiple gestation pregnancy and fetal death are associated risk factors.
