Kujanová Martina, Pereira Luísa, Fernandes Verónica, Pereira Joana B, Cerný Viktor
Archaeogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2009 Oct;140(2):336-46. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.21078.
The Egyptian Western Desert lies on an important geographic intersection between Africa and Asia. Genetic diversity of this region has been shaped, in part, by climatic changes in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene epochs marked by oscillating humid and arid periods. We present here a whole genome analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and high-resolution molecular analysis of nonrecombining Y-chromosomal (NRY) gene pools of a demographically small but autochthonous population from the Egyptian Western Desert oasis el-Hayez. Notwithstanding signs of expected genetic drift, we still found clear genetic evidence of a strong Near Eastern input that can be dated into the Neolithic. This is revealed by high frequencies and high internal variability of several mtDNA lineages from haplogroup T. The whole genome sequencing strategy and molecular dating allowed us to detect the accumulation of local mtDNA diversity to 5,138 +/- 3,633 YBP. Similarly, theY-chromosome gene pool reveals high frequencies of the Near Eastern J1 and the North African E1b1b1b lineages, both generally known to have expanded within North Africa during the Neolithic. These results provide another piece of evidence of the relatively young population history of North Africa.
埃及西部沙漠位于非洲和亚洲之间一个重要的地理交汇处。该地区的遗传多样性部分是由更新世晚期和全新世时期的气候变化所塑造的，这些时期的特点是湿润期和干旱期交替出现。我们在此展示了对来自埃及西部沙漠绿洲el-Hayez的一个人口统计学上规模较小但为本地人的群体的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）进行的全基因组分析，以及对非重组Y染色体（NRY）基因库的高分辨率分子分析。尽管存在预期的遗传漂变迹象，但我们仍然发现了明确的遗传证据，表明有强烈的近东基因输入，其时间可追溯到新石器时代。这一点通过单倍群T中几个mtDNA谱系的高频率和高内部变异性得以揭示。全基因组测序策略和分子年代测定使我们能够检测到本地mtDNA多样性在5138±3633年前的积累。同样，Y染色体基因库显示近东J1和北非E1b1b1b谱系的高频率，这两个谱系通常已知在新石器时代在北非有所扩张。这些结果为北非相对年轻的人口历史提供了又一证据。
