Guillaume Sébastien, Jollant Fabrice, Jaussent Isabelle, Lawrence Natalia, Malafosse Alain, Courtet Philippe
University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
Neuropsychologia. 2009 Aug;47(10):2120-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 Apr 14.
In 1994, it was proposed that decision-making requires emotion-related signals, known as somatic markers. In contrast, some authors argued that conscious knowledge of contingencies is sufficient for advantageous decision-making. We aimed to investigate the respective roles of somatic markers and explicit knowledge in decision-making. Thirty healthy volunteers performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Conscious knowledge was assessed using a sensitive questionnaire and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded. Most participants acquired a preference for advantageous choices during the task and generated larger anticipatory SCRs before disadvantageous relative to advantageous choices. Performance on the IGT and the autonomic response were positively correlated (r=0.38, p=0.045). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in performance according to conscious awareness (p=0.009). There was no significant association between level of explicit knowledge and SCR (p=0.1). Finally, we did not find any interaction between explicit knowledge and performance although a lack of statistical power is not to be excluded. Advantageous decision-making therefore seems to be associated with two distinct, namely implicit and explicit, systems.
1994年，有人提出决策需要与情感相关的信号，即躯体标记。相比之下，一些作者认为对意外情况的有意识认知足以做出有利的决策。我们旨在研究躯体标记和明确知识在决策中的各自作用。30名健康志愿者完成了爱荷华赌博任务（IGT）。使用一份敏感问卷评估有意识认知，并记录皮肤电反应（SCR）。大多数参与者在任务过程中对有利选择产生了偏好，并且相对于有利选择，在不利选择之前产生了更大的预期SCR。IGT表现与自主反应呈正相关（r = 0.38，p = 0.045）。此外，根据有意识认知，表现存在统计学上的显著差异（p = 0.009）。明确知识水平与SCR之间没有显著关联（p = 0.1）。最后，尽管不能排除缺乏统计效力的情况，但我们没有发现明确知识与表现之间存在任何相互作用。因此，有利的决策似乎与两个不同的系统相关，即隐性系统和显性系统。
