Polla M, Stramesi C, Pichini S, Palmi I, Vignali C, Dall'Olio G
Department of Legal Medicine and Public Health, Pavia University, Via Forlanini 12, Pavia, Italy.
Forensic Sci Int. 2009 Aug 10;189(1-3):e41-3. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.04.020. Epub 2009 May 15.
In driver licence regranting, subjects with a history of cocaine use are requested to undergo laboratory testing to verify both current and past abstinence from the drug. Identification of cocaine use based only on urinalysis may miss some cases because of the short elimination half-life of the drug. Moreover, many abusers know how to time their cocaine consumption in such a way that they can "beat" the urinalysis, having a series of negative urine tests. We report on the use of hair testing to disclose sporadic cocaine consumption in seven subjects attending the Local Medical Commission to reobtain driver licence, with constant negative urinalysis. Even with one or two weekly negative urine screens along several months, all the subjects were positive using hair testing for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, above the internationally recommended limit of quantification: 0.5 ng/mg and 0.05 ng/mg for cocaine and benzoylecgonine, respectively (concentration range for cocaine: 0.51-2.23 ng/mg hair; concentration range for benzoylecgonine: 0.08-1.70 ng/mg hair). The obtained results support strongly the use of hair testing for cocaine in drug addicts and occasional abusers applying for regranting of driver licence in order to minimize social risk behaviours.
在重新颁发驾驶执照时，有可卡因使用史的受试者需要接受实验室检测，以核实目前及过去是否已戒除该药物。仅基于尿液分析来确定是否使用过可卡因可能会漏诊一些病例，因为该药物的消除半衰期较短。此外，许多滥用者知道如何安排可卡因的摄入时间，以便能够“通过”尿液分析，使一系列尿液检测呈阴性。我们报告了毛发检测在7名前往当地医疗委员会重新获取驾驶执照的受试者中的应用，这些受试者的尿液分析结果一直为阴性，但毛发检测却发现了他们偶尔使用可卡因的情况。即使在几个月的时间里每周进行一两次尿液检测结果均为阴性，所有受试者的毛发检测中可卡因和苯甲酰爱康宁仍呈阳性，超过了国际推荐的定量限值：可卡因和苯甲酰爱康宁分别为0.5纳克/毫克和0.05纳克/毫克（可卡因的浓度范围：毛发中为0.51 - 2.23纳克/毫克；苯甲酰爱康宁的浓度范围：毛发中为0.08 - 1.70纳克/毫克）。所获得的结果有力地支持了在申请重新颁发驾驶执照的吸毒成瘾者和偶尔滥用者中使用毛发检测来检测可卡因，以尽量减少社会风险行为。
