Lovejoy N C, Paul S, Freeman E, Christianson B
School of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1991 Sep-Oct;18(7):1175-85.
Although treatment of HIV infections is possible, anecdotal data and research suggest that infected homosexual and bisexual men are developing sets of HIV-specific self-care behaviors that they believe will maintain their health or delay progressive disease. However, little is known about frequent use of HIV self-care in relationship to symptom distress or other factors commonly assessed by nurses. These deficits limit the ability of healthcare providers to intervene appropriately. Consequently, the following repeated-measures study retrospectively examined correlates of HIV self-care in 162 outpatients who were attending a major healthcare facility in San Francisco, CA. Standard and HIV-specific instruments created for the study were used in data collection. Results suggest that the men increased their use of 35 of 81 HIV self-care behaviors once they became aware of being HIV seropositive (p less than 0.001). Frequent use of HIV self-care behaviors was related to several variables, including previous patterns of self-care (p less than 0.001), and AIDS diagnosis (p less than 0.01), and a locus of control (LOC) indicator (e.g., the statement "What happens to me is beyond my control") (p less than 0.001). Symptom distress also was related to several variables, including selected LOC and quality-of-life (QOL) indicators, mood states, and recent diagnosis of selected AIDS-related diseases (p less than 0.01). Collectively, these results suggest that taking self-care and selected psychosocial histories will allow nurses to identify ambulatory patients with HIV infections who need intensive care.
尽管可以对艾滋病毒感染进行治疗，但轶事数据和研究表明，受感染的同性恋和双性恋男性正在形成一系列他们认为能够维持自身健康或延缓疾病进展的特定于艾滋病毒的自我护理行为。然而，关于艾滋病毒自我护理的频繁使用与症状困扰或护士通常评估的其他因素之间的关系，人们了解甚少。这些不足限制了医疗保健提供者进行适当干预的能力。因此，以下重复测量研究回顾性地检查了加利福尼亚州旧金山一家主要医疗保健机构的162名门诊患者中艾滋病毒自我护理的相关因素。为该研究创建的标准和特定于艾滋病毒的工具用于数据收集。结果表明，这些男性在意识到自己艾滋病毒血清呈阳性后，增加了对81种艾滋病毒自我护理行为中35种的使用（p小于0.001）。艾滋病毒自我护理行为的频繁使用与几个变量有关，包括以前的自我护理模式（p小于0.001）、艾滋病诊断（p小于0.01）以及控制点（LOC）指标（例如“我身上发生的事情超出了我的控制”这一陈述）（p小于0.001）。症状困扰也与几个变量有关，包括选定的LOC和生活质量（QOL）指标、情绪状态以及最近对选定的艾滋病相关疾病的诊断（p小于0.01）。总体而言，这些结果表明，了解自我护理情况和选定的社会心理病史将使护士能够识别出需要重症护理的艾滋病毒感染门诊患者。
