Jemal Ahmedin, Siegel Rebecca, Ward Elizabeth, Hao Yongping, Xu Jiaquan, Thun Michael J
Cancer Surveillance, Surveillance and Health Policy Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, Georgia 30303-1002, USA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2009 Jul-Aug;59(4):225-49. doi: 10.3322/caac.20006. Epub 2009 May 27.
Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths expected in the United States in the current year and compiles the most recent data on cancer incidence, mortality, and survival based on incidence data from the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries and mortality data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Incidence and death rates are standardized by age to the 2000 United States standard million population. A total of 1,479,350 new cancer cases and 562,340 deaths from cancer are projected to occur in the United States in 2009. Overall cancer incidence rates decreased in the most recent time period in both men (1.8% per year from 2001 to 2005) and women (0.6% per year from 1998 to 2005), largely because of decreases in the three major cancer sites in men (lung, prostate, and colon and rectum [colorectum]) and in two major cancer sites in women (breast and colorectum). Overall cancer death rates decreased in men by 19.2% between 1990 and 2005, with decreases in lung (37%), prostate (24%), and colorectal (17%) cancer rates accounting for nearly 80% of the total decrease. Among women, overall cancer death rates between 1991 and 2005 decreased by 11.4%, with decreases in breast (37%) and colorectal (24%) cancer rates accounting for 60% of the total decrease. The reduction in the overall cancer death rates has resulted in the avoidance of about 650,000 deaths from cancer over the 15-year period. This report also examines cancer incidence, mortality, and survival by site, sex, race/ethnicity, education, geographic area, and calendar year. Although progress has been made in reducing incidence and mortality rates and improving survival, cancer still accounts for more deaths than heart disease in persons younger than 85 years of age. Further progress can be accelerated by applying existing cancer control knowledge across all segments of the population and by supporting new discoveries in cancer prevention, early detection, and treatment.
美国癌症协会每年都会预估当年美国可能出现的新增癌症病例数和死亡人数，并根据美国国立癌症研究所、疾病控制与预防中心、北美中央癌症登记协会提供的发病率数据以及美国国家卫生统计中心提供的死亡率数据，汇编有关癌症发病率、死亡率和生存率的最新数据。发病率和死亡率按年龄标准化至2000年美国标准百万人口。预计2009年美国将新增1479350例癌症病例，562340人死于癌症。在最近一段时间内，男性（2001年至2005年每年下降1.8%）和女性（1998年至2005年每年下降0.6%）的总体癌症发病率均有所下降，这主要是因为男性三大主要癌症部位（肺癌、前列腺癌以及结肠直肠癌）和女性两大主要癌症部位（乳腺癌和结肠直肠癌）的发病率有所下降。1990年至2005年期间，男性总体癌症死亡率下降了19.2%，其中肺癌（下降37%）、前列腺癌（下降24%）和结肠直肠癌（下降17%）率的下降占总下降幅度的近80%。在女性中，1991年至2005年期间总体癌症死亡率下降了11.4%，其中乳腺癌（下降37%）和结肠直肠癌（下降24%）率的下降占总下降幅度的60%。总体癌症死亡率的降低在15年期间避免了约650000人死于癌症。本报告还按部位、性别、种族/族裔、教育程度、地理区域和历年分析了癌症发病率、死亡率和生存率。尽管在降低发病率和死亡率以及提高生存率方面已取得进展，但在85岁以下人群中，癌症导致的死亡人数仍多于心脏病。通过在全体人群中应用现有的癌症控制知识以及支持癌症预防、早期检测和治疗方面的新发现，可以加快进一步的进展。
