Institute of Sport and Physical Education Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2010 Apr;20(2):336-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.00885.x. Epub 2009 Mar 29.
Using a psychosociological approach, the purpose of this study was to identify and understand the use of doping substances by young elite cyclists. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with young cyclists who were hoping to find a professional team and cyclists who had recently become professional. All of the young cyclists interviewed took nutritional supplements and believed that they improved their performance, which has been shown by other scholars to be a risk factor for doping. These cyclists believed that doping at the professional level in cycling was acceptable but did not approve of it at the amateur level. They were attracted to doping; they were open to using doping substances themselves if it was the key to continuing their cycling career, but only after they became professional. Team staff, doctors, parents and friends helped to create a "clean" environment that prevented the young cyclists from doping before becoming professional. The more experienced cyclists, who doped or used to dope, transmitted the culture of doping to the young cyclists, teaching them doping methods and which substances to use. This study could help to improve prevention and help to detect doping, as it is clear that doping behaviors begin at the amateur level.
本研究采用心理社会学方法，旨在识别和理解年轻精英自行车运动员使用兴奋剂物质的情况。我们对希望找到职业车队的年轻自行车运动员和最近成为职业运动员的自行车运动员进行了半结构化访谈。所有接受采访的年轻自行车运动员都服用了营养补充剂，并认为这些补充剂提高了他们的表现，这一点已经被其他学者证明是兴奋剂的一个风险因素。这些自行车运动员认为在自行车运动的职业级别上使用兴奋剂是可以接受的，但在业余级别上则不认可。他们被兴奋剂所吸引；如果这是继续他们自行车生涯的关键，他们愿意在成为职业运动员后使用兴奋剂物质，但前提是他们成为了职业运动员。车队工作人员、医生、家长和朋友帮助营造了一个“干净”的环境，防止年轻自行车运动员在成为职业运动员之前使用兴奋剂。经验丰富的自行车运动员，无论是曾经使用过兴奋剂还是正在使用兴奋剂，都会向年轻运动员传授兴奋剂文化，教他们使用兴奋剂的方法和使用哪些物质。这项研究有助于改善预防措施，并有助于发现兴奋剂，因为很明显，兴奋剂行为始于业余水平。
