Marquardt Gesine, Schmieg Peter
Department of Architecture, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen. 2009 Aug-Sep;24(4):333-40. doi: 10.1177/1533317509334959. Epub 2009 Jun 1.
Spatial disorientation is a prime reason for institutionalization. The autonomy of the residents and their quality of life, however, is strongly linked with their ability to reach certain places within their nursing home. The physical environment has a great potential for supporting a resident's wayfinding abilities. For this study, data were collected from 30 German nursing homes. Skilled nurses rated the resident's ability to perform 5 wayfinding tasks. The architectural characteristics of the homes were analyzed and their impact on the resulting scores was tested for statistical significance using the Mann-Whitney U test (P < .05). Results confirm that people with advancing dementia are increasingly dependent on a compensating environment. The significant factors include a small number of residents per living area, the straight layout of the circulation system without any changes in direction, and the provision of only 1 living/dining room. These and additional results were transformed into architectural guidelines.
空间定向障碍是入住养老院的一个主要原因。然而，居民的自主性及其生活质量与他们在养老院中到达特定地点的能力密切相关。物理环境在支持居民的寻路能力方面具有巨大潜力。在本研究中，从30家德国养老院收集了数据。专业护士对居民执行5项寻路任务的能力进行了评分。分析了养老院的建筑特征，并使用曼-惠特尼U检验（P < 0.05）测试了其对所得分数的影响的统计学意义。结果证实，痴呆症病情加重的人越来越依赖补偿性环境。重要因素包括每个居住区域的居民数量少、循环系统的直线布局且没有方向变化，以及仅提供1个起居/餐厅。这些及其他结果被转化为建筑指南。
