Lam Stephanie Renee, Morrison Kimberly Rios, Smeesters Dirk
Stanford University, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2009 Aug;35(8):1046-56. doi: 10.1177/0146167209336607. Epub 2009 Jun 2.
Three studies tested whether mortality salience would lead men to be more sexually risky than women. In Study 1, men reported greater intentions to engage in risky sexual behaviors than did women after a mortality prime, but not after a control prime. In Study 2, men desired more future sexual partners and had a lower need for intimacy than did women, but again, only when mortality was salient. Furthermore, need for romantic intimacy mediated the relationship between mortality salience, gender, and desired number of future partners. Using a behavioral rather than a self-reported dependent measure, Study 3 showed that men primed with mortality were less likely than women to select a package of condoms (versus a pen) as a free gift after the experiment. Implications for gender differences in responses to mortality salience, as well as for how to design effective safe-sex interventions, are discussed.
三项研究检验了死亡凸显是否会导致男性比女性更具性冒险倾向。在研究1中,在启动死亡凸显后,男性报告的进行危险性性行为的意愿比女性更强,但在启动对照情境后则不然。在研究2中,男性比女性渴望更多未来的性伴侣,且对亲密关系的需求更低,但同样,只有在死亡凸显时才如此。此外,浪漫亲密需求在死亡凸显、性别和未来伴侣期望数量之间的关系中起中介作用。研究3使用行为而非自我报告的因变量测量方法,结果表明,在实验后,启动死亡凸显的男性比女性选择一包避孕套(而非一支笔)作为免费礼物的可能性更小。文中讨论了死亡凸显反应中性别差异的影响,以及如何设计有效的安全性行为干预措施。