[Neuroplasticity: main mechanisms and their clinical significance].

Common mechanisms of neuroplasticity and their manifestations in different neurological diseases are reviewed. The ambiguity of physiological and clinical changes caused by neuroplasticity is emphasized. Special attention is drawn to the functional post-stroke rehabilitation. The author emphasizes the importance of "cerebral reserve" in normal ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Possibilities of neuroplasticity activation are reviewed. The efficacy of cerebrolysin in the treatment of dementia and stroke is mentioned.