Christiansen C B, Dickmeiss E, Bygbjerg I C
Klinisk immunologisk afdeling og epidemiafdelingen, Rigshospitalet, København.
Ugeskr Laeger. 1991 Aug 26;153(35):2410-4.
Different methods have been developed for the diagnosis of HIV infection, i.e. detection of antibodies, antigen and proviral DNA. ELISA methods for detecting HIV-1 antibodies are widely used as screening assays. A sample which is repeatedly positive with ELISA is re-tested with a confirmatory test, e.g. western blot. Antibodies to HIV-1 are not detectable until 2-3 months after infection, but antigens may be detectable during the last weeks of this initial period, though they disappear with the appearance of the antibodies. In the later stages of HIV infection, HIV antigen is again detectable in a proportion of patients. Detection and quantitation of HIV antigen are used as indicators of disease progression and for monitoring the antiviral efficacy of therapeutic interventions. When no antibodies or antigens can be detected in persons suspected of having HIV infection, culture of HIV can be performed. For research purposes, detection of small amounts of proviral DNA can be made with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The method is not yet applicable in routine diagnosis of HIV infection.
已经开发出不同的方法用于诊断HIV感染，即检测抗体、抗原和前病毒DNA。检测HIV-1抗体的ELISA方法被广泛用作筛查试验。ELISA反复呈阳性的样本要用确证试验重新检测，如免疫印迹法。感染HIV-1后2至3个月才能检测到抗体，但在感染初期的最后几周可能检测到抗原，不过抗体会随着抗原的出现而消失。在HIV感染的后期，一部分患者中可再次检测到HIV抗原。HIV抗原的检测和定量用作疾病进展指标及监测治疗干预的抗病毒疗效。当怀疑感染HIV的人检测不到抗体或抗原时，可进行HIV培养。出于研究目的，可用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测少量前病毒DNA。该方法尚未应用于HIV感染的常规诊断。
