Spencer Laura, Mann Christopher, Metcalfe Matthew, Webb M'Balu, Pollard Cristina, Spencer Daniel, Berry David, Steward William, Dennison Ashley
Department of HPB and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
Eur J Cancer. 2009 Aug;45(12):2077-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2009.04.026. Epub 2009 Jun 1.
Omega-3 fatty acid (omega-3 FA) consumption has long been associated with a lower incidence of colon, breast and prostate cancers in many human populations. Human trials have demonstrated omega-3 FA to have profound anti-inflammatory effects in those with cancer. In vitro and small animal studies have yielded a strong body of evidence establishing omega-3 FA as having anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effects. This review explores the evidence and the mechanisms by which omega-3 FA may act as angiogenesis inhibitors and identifies opportunities for original research trialling omega-3 FAs as anti-cancer agents in humans. The conclusions drawn from this review suggest that omega-3 FAs in particular eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) found principally in oily fish have potent anti-angiogenic effects inhibiting production of many important angiogenic mediators namely; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Platelet-Derived Endothelial Cell Growth Factor (PDECGF), cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), nitric oxide, Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta (NFKB), matrix metalloproteinases and beta-catenin.
长期以来,许多人群中omega-3脂肪酸(omega-3 FA)的摄入与结肠癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌的较低发病率相关。人体试验已证明omega-3 FA对癌症患者具有显著的抗炎作用。体外和小动物研究产生了大量证据,证实omega-3 FA具有抗炎、抗凋亡、抗增殖和抗血管生成作用。本综述探讨了omega-3 FA可能作为血管生成抑制剂的证据和机制,并确定了在人体中试验omega-3 FA作为抗癌药物的原创性研究机会。本综述得出的结论表明,特别是主要存在于油性鱼类中的二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等omega-3 FA具有强大的抗血管生成作用,可抑制许多重要血管生成介质的产生,即血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、血小板衍生生长因子(PDGF)、血小板衍生内皮细胞生长因子(PDECGF)、环氧化酶2(COX-2)、前列腺素-E2(PGE2)、一氧化氮、核因子κB(NFKB)、基质金属蛋白酶和β-连环蛋白。