McKinstrie C, Yu M, Raymer M G, Radic S
Opt Express. 2005 Jun 27;13(13):4986-5012. doi: 10.1364/opex.13.004986.
In this paper the quantum noise properties of phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive parametric processes are studied. Formulas for the field-quadrature and photon-number means and variances are derived, for processes that involve arbitrary numbers of modes. These quantities determine the signal-to-noise ratios associated with the direct and homo-dyne detection of optical signals. The consequences of the aforementioned formulas are described for frequency conversion, amplification, monitoring, and transmission through sequences of attenuators and amplifiers.
