Kuromori Takashi, Takahashi Shinya, Kondou Youichi, Shinozaki Kazuo, Matsui Minami
Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN Plant Science Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Plant Cell Physiol. 2009 Jul;50(7):1215-31. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcp078. Epub 2009 Jun 5.
Analysis of genetic mutations is one of the most effective ways to investigate gene function. We now have methods that allow for mass production of mutant lines and cells in a variety of model species. Recently, large numbers of mutant lines have been generated by both 'loss-of-function' and 'gain-of-function' techniques. In parallel, phenotypic information covering various mutant resources has been acquired and released in web-based databases. As a result, significant progress in comprehensive phenotype analysis is being made through the use of these tools. Arabidopsis and rice are two major model plant species in which genome sequencing projects have been completed. Arabidopsis is the most widely used experimental plant, with a large number of mutant resources and several examples of systematic phenotype analysis. Rice is a major crop species and is used as a model plant, with an increasing number of mutant resources. Other plant species are also being employed in functional genetics research. In this review, the present status of mutant resources for large-scale studies of gene function in plant research and the current perspective on using loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutants in phenome research will be discussed.
基因突变分析是研究基因功能最有效的方法之一。我们现在拥有能够在多种模式物种中大规模生产突变株系和细胞的方法。最近，通过“功能缺失”和“功能获得”技术已经产生了大量的突变株系。与此同时，涵盖各种突变资源的表型信息已被获取并发布在基于网络的数据库中。因此，通过使用这些工具，在综合表型分析方面正在取得重大进展。拟南芥和水稻是两个已完成基因组测序项目的主要模式植物物种。拟南芥是使用最广泛的实验植物，拥有大量的突变资源以及几个系统表型分析的实例。水稻是一种主要的作物物种，被用作模式植物，其突变资源也在不断增加。其他植物物种也正在被用于功能遗传学研究。在这篇综述中，将讨论植物研究中用于大规模基因功能研究的突变资源现状以及在表型组研究中使用功能缺失和功能获得突变体的当前观点。
