Adverse effects of therapy for ANCA-associated vasculitis.

The introduction of cyclophosphamide- and prednisolone-based treatment regimens has significantly improved outcome in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis. However, these regimens are nonspecific immunosuppressants associated with significant toxicity, including increased risk of infection, leucopenia, diabetes and malignancy. In addition, disease damage, particularly renal failure, increases the risk of toxicity. Improvements in disease management should include the increased awareness of treatment-related toxicity and its prevention.