Cancer Care Centre, St. George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Med Res Rev. 2010 Jan;30(1):67-101. doi: 10.1002/med.20165.
Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent malignant diseases among men in Western countries. There is currently no cure for metastatic castrate-resistant CaP, and median survival for these patients is about 18 months; the high mortality rate seen is associated with widespread metastases. Progression of CaP from primary to metastatic disease is associated with several molecular and genetic changes that can affect the expression of specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or receptors on the cell surface. Targeting TAAs is emerging as an area of promise for controlling late-stage and recurrent CaP. Several reviews have summarized the progress made in targeting signaling pathways for CaP but will not be discussed here. We describe some important CaP TAAs. These include prostate stem-cell antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, MUC1, epidermal growth factor receptor, platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor, urokinase plasminogen activator and its receptor, and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. We summarize recent advancements in our understanding of their role in CaP metastasis, as well as potential therapeutic options for targeting CaP TAAs. We also discuss the origin, identification, and characterization of prostate cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the potential benefits of targeting prostate CSCs to overcome chemoresistance and CaP recurrence.
前列腺癌（CaP）是西方国家男性中最常见的恶性疾病之一。目前，对于转移性去势抵抗性 CaP 尚无治愈方法，这些患者的中位生存期约为 18 个月；如此高的死亡率与广泛的转移有关。CaP 从原发性发展为转移性疾病与多种分子和遗传变化相关，这些变化可能会影响特定肿瘤相关抗原（TAA）或细胞表面受体的表达。针对 TAA 已成为控制晚期和复发性 CaP 的一个有前途的领域。有几篇综述总结了针对 CaP 信号通路的进展，但这里不再讨论。我们将描述一些重要的 CaP TAA。这些包括前列腺干细胞抗原、前列腺特异性膜抗原、MUC1、表皮生长因子受体、血小板衍生生长因子及其受体、尿激酶纤溶酶原激活物及其受体和细胞外基质金属蛋白酶诱导剂。我们总结了近期对它们在 CaP 转移中的作用的理解进展，以及针对 CaP TAA 的潜在治疗选择。我们还讨论了前列腺癌干细胞（CSC）的起源、鉴定和特征，以及针对前列腺 CSC 以克服化疗耐药性和 CaP 复发的潜在益处。
