Navarro Simón, Bermejo Salvador, Vela Nuria, Hernández Joaquín
Departamento de Química Agrícola, Geología y Edafología, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
J Agric Food Chem. 2009 Jul 22;57(14):6375-82. doi: 10.1021/jf901102b.
This paper reports the use of solar heating by polyethylene mulching for decontamination of a silty clay-loam soil polluted with herbicides. Soil solarization, a natural and hydrothermal method commonly used for disinfesting soils, was tested during the summer season on a Hipercalcic Calcisol located in Murcia (southeast Spain) for dissipation of s-triazine (simazine and terbuthylazine) and phenylurea (isoproturon and methabenzthiazuron) herbicides using low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) polyethylene (PE) film as a cover. A well-established influence of the film was observed on the dissipation of all herbicides from the soil, although the density (0.92-0.95 g/cm(3)) of the film used (LDPE and HDPE) was not significant in terms of the rate of loss. In all cases, a quick depletion during the first 2 weeks was observed, mainly for terbuthylazine. The first-order model satisfactorily explained the dissipation process, but the Hoerl and biexponential equations were more appropriate, mainly for simazine, isoproturon, and methabenzthiazuron. In all cases, herbicides disappeared at faster rates in solarized soils (DT(50) = 4-29 days) than in nonmulched soils (DT(50) = 11-35 days), especially for terbuthylazine and isoproturon.
本文报道了利用聚乙烯地膜覆盖进行太阳能加热对受除草剂污染的粉质粘壤土进行去污处理的研究。土壤太阳能消毒是一种常用于土壤除害的自然热液方法，在夏季对位于穆尔西亚（西班牙东南部）的一种高钙石灰土进行了测试，使用低密度（LD）和高密度（HD）聚乙烯（PE）薄膜作为覆盖物，以消散三嗪类（西玛津和特丁津）和苯基脲类（异丙隆和甲基苯噻隆）除草剂。尽管所用薄膜（低密度聚乙烯和高密度聚乙烯）的密度（0.92 - 0.95 g/cm³）对损失速率没有显著影响，但观察到薄膜对土壤中所有除草剂的消散有明显影响。在所有情况下，在前两周都观察到快速消耗，主要是特丁津。一级模型能较好地解释消散过程，但霍尔方程和双指数方程更合适，主要适用于西玛津、异丙隆和甲基苯噻隆。在所有情况下，除草剂在太阳能消毒土壤中的消失速度（DT₅₀ = 4 - 29天）比未覆盖地膜的土壤（DT₅₀ = 11 - 35天）更快，尤其是特丁津和异丙隆。
