Botta Bruno, Menendez Pilar, Zappia Giovanni, de Lima Roberto Alves, Torge Roberta, Monachea Giuliano Delle
Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, Italy.
Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(26):3414-68. doi: 10.2174/092986709789057662. Epub 2009 Sep 1.
In contrast with the parent class of flavonoids, the distribution of the isoflavonoid class in the plant kingdom is relatively limited, probably owing to the sporadic occurrence of isoflavone synthase. Isoflavonoids have been mostly found in the subfamily Fabaceae/Papilionoideae of the Leguminosae family. Isoprenoid-substituted (also called complex) isoflavonoids are expressed from a smaller number of plants, as a result of the similarly restricted distribution of prenyltransferases (PT-ase). After the reviews of Tanara & Ibrahim (1995), Boland & Donnelly (1997), the Handbook of Flavonoids by Harborne & C ( Handbook of Flavonoids, 1999), and the paper by Harborne and Williams (2000) few other reports concern the distribution and the biological activity of complex isoflavonoids, except a list of isoflavonoids produced from non leguminous plants. This review deals with an update of the literature on isoprenylated isoflavonoids in the years 1995-2006 and is focused on the following highlights. 1. Natural sources of complex isoflavonoids (2000-2006); 2. Chemical structure variety: new entries (2000-2006) 3. Biological activities and a possible structure-activity relationship (1995-2006) 4. In vitro production and microbial metabolism (1995-2006).
与黄酮类化合物的母类相比，异黄酮类化合物在植物界的分布相对有限，这可能是由于异黄酮合酶的零星出现所致。异黄酮类化合物大多存在于豆科蝶形花亚科中。由于异戊烯基转移酶（PT - 酶）的分布同样受限，异戊二烯基取代的（也称为复合）异黄酮类化合物仅在少数植物中表达。在Tanara和Ibrahim（1995年）、Boland和Donnelly（1997年）、Harborne和C的《黄酮类化合物手册》（1999年）以及Harborne和Williams（2000年）的论文发表之后，除了一份非豆科植物产生的异黄酮类化合物清单外，很少有其他关于复合异黄酮类化合物分布和生物活性的报道。本综述涉及1995 - 2006年期间关于异戊烯基化异黄酮类化合物的文献更新，重点关注以下要点。1. 复合异黄酮类化合物的天然来源（2000 - 2006年）；2. 化学结构多样性：新发现（2000 - 2006年）；3. 生物活性及可能的构效关系（1995 - 2006年）；4. 体外生产及微生物代谢（1995 - 2006年）。
