Department of Sports Education Leadership, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA.
J Sci Med Sport. 2010 Jul;13(4):410-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2009.04.010. Epub 2009 Jul 1.
The health benefits of leisure-time physical activity are well known, however the effects of engaging in competitive sports on health are uncertain. This literature review examines mortality and longevity of elite athletes and attempts to understand the association between long-term vigorous exercise training and survival rates. Fourteen articles of epidemiological studies were identified and classified by type of sport. Life expectancy, standardised mortality ratio, standardised proportionate mortality ratio, mortality rate, and mortality odds ratio for all causes of death were used to analyse mortality and longevity of elite athletes. It appears that elite endurance (aerobic) athletes and mixed-sports (aerobic and anaerobic) athletes survive longer than the general population, as indicated by lower mortality and higher longevity. Lower cardiovascular disease mortality is likely the primary reason for their better survival rates. On the other hand, there are inconsistent results among studies of power (anaerobic) athletes. When elite athletes engaging in various sports are analysed together, their mortality is lower than that of the general population. In conclusion, long-term vigorous exercise training is associated with increased survival rates of specific groups of athletes.
休闲时间体育活动对健康的益处是众所周知的,然而,参加竞技体育对健康的影响尚不确定。本文献综述考察了精英运动员的死亡率和寿命,并试图理解长期剧烈运动训练与生存率之间的关系。确定了 14 篇流行病学研究文章,并按运动类型进行了分类。使用全因死亡率、标准化死亡率比、标准化比例死亡率、死亡率和死亡率比值来分析精英运动员的死亡率和寿命。精英耐力(有氧)运动员和混合运动(有氧和无氧)运动员的预期寿命似乎比一般人群更长,死亡率更低,寿命更长。较低的心血管疾病死亡率可能是他们生存率更高的主要原因。另一方面,力量(无氧)运动员的研究结果并不一致。当分析从事各种运动的精英运动员时,他们的死亡率低于普通人群。总之,长期剧烈运动训练与特定运动员群体生存率的提高有关。