Department of Environmental Engineering, National Ilan University, Ilan 260, Taiwan.
J Hazard Mater. 2009 Nov 15;171(1-3):386-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.012. Epub 2009 Jun 12.
Wine-processing waste sludge (WPWS) has been shown to have powerful potential for sorption of some heavy metals (i.e., chromium, lead and nickel) in single-component aqueous solutions. But although most industrial wastewater contains two or more toxic metals, there are few sorption studies on multicomponent metals by WPWS. This study has two goals: (i) conduct competitive adsorption using Cr, Cu and Zn as sorbates and examine their interaction in binary or ternary systems; and (ii) determine the effects of temperature on the kinetic sorption reaction. The sludge tested contained a high amount of organic matter (38%) and had a high cation exchange capacity (CEC, 255 cmol(c)kg(-1)). Infrared analysis reveals that carboxyl is the main functional group in this WPWS. The (13)C NMR determination indicates alkyl-C and carboxyl-C are major organic functional groups. At steady state, there are about 40.4% (Cr), 35.0% (Cu) and 21.9% (Zn) sorbed in the initial 6.12 mM of single-component solutions. Only pseudo-second-order sorption kinetic model successfully describes the kinetics of sorption for all experimental metals. The rate constants, k(2), of Cr, Cu and Zn in single-component solutions are 0.016, 0.030 and 0.154 g mg(-1)min(-1), respectively. The sorption of metals by WPWS in this competitive system shows the trend: Cr>Cu>Zn. Ions of charge, hydrated radius and electronic configuration are main factors affecting sorption capacity. The least sorption for Zn in this competitive system can be attributed to its full orbital and largest hydrated radius. Though the effect of temperature on Zn sorption is insignificant, high temperature favors the other metallic sorptions, in particular for Cr. However, the Cr sorption is lower than Cu at 10 degrees C. The Cr sorption by WPWS can be higher than that of Cu at 30 degrees and 50 degrees C.
酿酒加工废料（WPWS）已被证明在单一成分水溶液中对某些重金属（即铬、铅和镍）具有强大的吸附潜力。但是，尽管大多数工业废水中含有两种或两种以上的有毒金属，但 WPWS 对多组分金属的吸附研究很少。本研究有两个目标：（i）使用 Cr、Cu 和 Zn 作为吸附物进行竞争吸附，并研究它们在二元或三元体系中的相互作用；（ii）确定温度对动力学吸附反应的影响。测试的污泥含有大量有机物（38%）和高阳离子交换容量（CEC，255 cmol(c)kg(-1)）。红外分析表明，羧基是这种 WPWS 的主要官能团。(13)C NMR 测定表明，烷基-C 和羧基-C 是主要的有机官能团。在稳定状态下，初始 6.12 mM 的单一组分溶液中约有 40.4%（Cr）、35.0%（Cu）和 21.9%（Zn）被吸附。只有准二级吸附动力学模型成功地描述了所有实验金属的吸附动力学。Cr、Cu 和 Zn 在单一组分溶液中的速率常数 k(2)分别为 0.016、0.030 和 0.154 g mg(-1)min(-1)。在这种竞争体系中，WPWS 对金属的吸附表现出以下趋势：Cr>Cu>Zn。电荷、水合半径和电子构型是影响吸附能力的主要因素。在这种竞争体系中，Zn 的吸附最小可归因于其完全轨道和最大水合半径。尽管温度对 Zn 吸附的影响不大，但高温有利于其他金属的吸附，特别是对 Cr。然而，在 10°C 时，Cr 的吸附低于 Cu。在 30°C 和 50°C 时，WPWS 对 Cr 的吸附高于 Cu。
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