Gao Xueping, Luo Xingwei
Mental Health Institute, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2009 Jun;34(6):504-9.
To explore posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) positive screening and factors influencing the mental state in victims who were evacuated/were not evacuated from Wenchuan earthquake area within 1 month.
The 3 groups included 235 victims who were not evacuated from Shifang territory (the incident scene, Group A), 44 victims who were evacuated to Second Xiangya Hospital (the wounded, Group B) and 36 relatives (the relatives, Group C). The mental state of all subjects was evaluated by Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and other tools.
(1) One month after the disaster, and the positive rate of PTSD screening in these survivors was 35.56%, the positive rate in women was significantly higher than that in men (chi(2)=16.27,P<0.001). The positive rate of PTSD screening in Group A, Group B and Group C was 39.15%, 31.82%, and 16.67%, respectively, with significant difference (chi(2)(mh)=5.243,P<0.05). Among the three groups which met the diagnosis criterion of PTSD symptoms, the scores for "numbness/avoidance symptom"and "excessive arousing symptom"in Group A were significantly higher than those in Group B and C (P<0.01). (2) The scores for "anxiety"and "depression"and "psychosomatic"symptoms in Group A and Group B were significantly higher than those in Group C (P<0.05). (3) Gender, place of residence and evacuating from the earthquake area or not were factors of PTSD symptoms.
One month after the earthquake, the victims suffered psychologically. PTSD symptoms, anxiety and depression symptoms were their major mental problems, more attention to especially women victims. The protection factors include dispersing victims to the secure place as soon as possible, expanding and strengthening society support. Early psychological interventions will help victims to raise their psychological endurance and prevent PTSD effectively.
探讨汶川地震1个月内撤离/未撤离震区受灾人群创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）阳性筛查情况及影响心理状态的因素。
分为3组，未撤离什邡境内（事发地）的受灾者235例（A组）、被转运至中南大学湘雅二医院的伤员44例（B组）、家属36例（C组）。采用事件影响量表修订版（IES-R）等工具评估所有研究对象的心理状态。
（1）震后1个月，这些幸存者PTSD筛查阳性率为35.56%，女性阳性率显著高于男性（χ²=16.27，P<0.001）。A、B、C组PTSD筛查阳性率分别为39.15%、31.82%、16.67%，差异有统计学意义（χ²（mh）=5.243，P<0.05）。3组中符合PTSD症状诊断标准者，A组“麻木/回避症状”及“过度唤醒症状”评分显著高于B、C组（P<0.01）。（2）A、B组“焦虑”“抑郁”及“心身”症状评分显著高于C组（P<0.05）。（3）性别、居住地、是否撤离震区是PTSD症状的影响因素。
震后1个月，受灾人群存在心理创伤，PTSD症状、焦虑及抑郁症状是主要心理问题，尤其应关注女性受灾者。保护因素包括尽快将受灾者疏散至安全地带、扩大并强化社会支持。早期心理干预有助于受灾者提高心理承受能力，有效预防PTSD。
