Mori M, Kawada T, Torii K
Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Life Science Laboratories, Yokohama, Japan.
Brain Res Bull. 1991 Sep-Oct;27(3-4):417-22. doi: 10.1016/0361-9230(91)90135-7.
The cephalic gustatory stimuli during a meal yield nutritional information and aid in the efficient control of homeostasis. This study was focused on either appetite for flavored food or feeding behavior in growing male Sprague-Dawley rats under various states of protein nutrition. In fasted rats, endogenous protein degradation was suppressed by ingestion of glucose that was sufficient to meet energy needs. The decrease in the amount of diet intake was compensated by sugar ingestion, except for sucrose. Rats that ingested sucrose exceeded 115% of total energy intake, compared to ingestion of saccharin as a control. Appetite and meal size are primarily dependent upon the dietary protein level, whether it was beyond normal requirements or not and, thus, flavoring by certain taste material is effective for a diet sufficient in protein, but not for a deficient one. In addition, rats fed a diet containing amino acids preferred saccharin and monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) and grew normally. But, when L-tryptophan-deficient diet was offered, the preference for tryptophan was elicited, and then MSG intake was elevated and their growth became normal. However, preference for saccharin never occurred because the level of tryptophan in blood fluctuated and was not maintained within normal limits. The strong preference for sweetness that is evoked by starvation is directly regulated by the negative energy balance. The animals' primary concern was energy intake and their second concern was protein nutrition, regardless of flavoring.
进餐期间的头部味觉刺激会产生营养信息，并有助于有效控制体内平衡。本研究聚焦于处于不同蛋白质营养状态下生长的雄性斯普拉格-道利大鼠对风味食物的食欲或进食行为。在禁食的大鼠中，摄入足以满足能量需求的葡萄糖可抑制内源性蛋白质降解。除蔗糖外，糖的摄入可补偿饮食摄入量的减少。与摄入糖精作为对照相比，摄入蔗糖的大鼠超过总能量摄入量的115%。食欲和进餐量主要取决于饮食中的蛋白质水平，无论其是否超出正常需求，因此，某些味觉物质调味对蛋白质充足的饮食有效，但对缺乏蛋白质的饮食无效。此外，喂食含氨基酸饮食的大鼠更喜欢糖精和L-谷氨酸钠（味精），并且生长正常。但是，当提供缺乏L-色氨酸的饮食时，会引发对色氨酸的偏好，然后味精摄入量增加，它们的生长恢复正常。然而，对糖精的偏好从未出现，因为血液中的色氨酸水平波动且未维持在正常范围内。饥饿引起的对甜味的强烈偏好直接受负能量平衡调节。动物主要关注的是能量摄入，其次是蛋白质营养，而与调味无关。
