Davis H, Baum C, Graham D J
Division of Health Examination Statistics, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 20782.
Int J Addict. 1991 Jul;26(7):777-95. doi: 10.3109/10826089109058920.
Few studies of prescription-drug misuse have taken into account the numbers of prescriptions dispensed for specific drugs. Using data from the Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) and the National Prescription Audit, we calculated indices of drug misuse for specific prescription drugs that are used mainly in outpatient settings and are either benzodiazepines, barbiturates, other sedative-hypnotics, analgesics, or CNS stimulants. In 1983-1985 the drugs associated with the highest numbers of DAWN medical examiner-reported drug-misuse deaths were codeine, diazepam, propoxyphene, phenobarbital, and secobarbital. However, the drugs with the highest indices of DAWN medical examiner-reported drug-misuse deaths/100,000 dispensed prescriptions were methamphetamine, methaqualone, amobarbital, secobarbital, and glutethimide. An index of fatality risk, calculated as 100 x DAWN medical examiner-reported drug-misuse deaths/DAWN emergency room-reported drug-misuse episodes, suggested that the risk of death from a glutethimide-associated drug-misuse episode had increased 92% from 1975-1979 to 1983-1983 and in 1983-1985 was the highest for the drugs studied. These indices might assist public health authorities attempting to design effective strategies to efficiently address the problem of prescription-drug misuse.
很少有关于处方药滥用的研究考虑到特定药物的处方配药量。利用药物滥用预警网络（DAWN）和全国处方审计的数据，我们计算了主要用于门诊的特定处方药的药物滥用指数，这些药物包括苯二氮卓类、巴比妥类、其他镇静催眠药、镇痛药或中枢神经系统兴奋剂。在1983 - 1985年，与药物滥用预警网络医学检验员报告的药物滥用死亡人数最多相关的药物是可待因、地西泮、丙氧芬、苯巴比妥和司可巴比妥。然而，药物滥用预警网络医学检验员报告的每10万张配药处方中药物滥用死亡人数指数最高的药物是甲基苯丙胺、甲喹酮、异戊巴比妥、司可巴比妥和格鲁米特。以100×药物滥用预警网络医学检验员报告的药物滥用死亡人数/药物滥用预警网络急诊室报告的药物滥用事件计算的死亡风险指数表明，与格鲁米特相关的药物滥用事件导致的死亡风险在1975 - 1979年至1983 - 1983年期间增加了92%，在1983 - 1985年是所研究药物中最高的。这些指数可能有助于公共卫生当局设计有效的策略，以有效解决处方药滥用问题。
