Amiel J L, Droz J P
J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris). 1977 Mar;6(2):261-70.
Chemotherapy is a useful element, but not the only element, for controlling placental tumours. In cases of simple mole routine chemotherapy does not seem to be justified and usually, in 9 cases out of 10, it is useless. It is certainly not always effective and sometimes it may even be dangerous because of the development of chemoresistance. Invasive mole and tumours where a histological diagnosis has not been made and where there is no particularly unfavourable prognosis, usually heal with twice weekly methotrexate carried on for two months after cure has been confirmed clinically, radiologically and biologically. Choriocarcinomata and cases where histology has not been carried out but which have poor prognosis (extra-pulmonary metastases, numerous or large pulmonary metastases, long delay in treatment and the excretion of high levels of HCG) justify chemotherapy in which vincristine is followed by methotrexate or vincristine is followed by actinomycine D. For cure in these bad cases secondary surgery to remove residual lesions, either in the uterus or the lungs, may be necessary.
化疗是控制胎盘肿瘤的一个有用因素,但不是唯一因素。对于单纯性葡萄胎病例,常规化疗似乎没有必要,通常十有八九是无用的。化疗肯定并非总是有效,有时甚至可能因化疗耐药的出现而变得危险。对于侵袭性葡萄胎以及未进行组织学诊断且预后并非特别不良的肿瘤,通常在临床、放射学和生物学上确认治愈后,每周两次使用甲氨蝶呤持续两个月即可痊愈。绒毛膜癌以及未进行组织学检查但预后不良的病例(肺外转移、大量或巨大肺转移、治疗延迟以及高水平人绒毛膜促性腺激素排泄)需要进行化疗,其中长春新碱后接甲氨蝶呤,或长春新碱后接放线菌素D。对于这些严重病例,为实现治愈,可能需要进行二次手术以切除子宫或肺部的残留病灶。