Valentini Mariaconsuelo, Parati Gianfranco
Department of Clinical Medicine and Prevention, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2009 Jul-Aug;52(1):11-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2009.05.004.
In both physiologic and pathological conditions, instantaneous heart rate value is the result of a rather complex interplay. It constantly varies under the influence of a number of factors: nonmodifiable and modifiable ones. Pharmacologic blockade with beta-adrenergic antagonists and/or with parasympathetic antagonists such as atropine have permitted the identification of the mechanisms of autonomic nervous regulation of heart rate in a variety of physiologic and pathological conditions. The analysis of heart rate and blood pressure variability has yielded additional information on the autonomic control of the circulation, which has proven to have diagnostic and prognostic implications in a number of clinically relevant conditions such as hypertension, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and predisposition to sudden cardiac death. This article will summarize, based on available epidemiologic and clinical studies, the key variables influencing heart rate and heart rate variability in view of the known association between heart rate and cardiovascular disease.
在生理和病理状态下，瞬时心率值都是相当复杂的相互作用的结果。它在许多因素的影响下不断变化，这些因素包括不可改变的和可改变的因素。使用β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂和/或阿托品等副交感神经拮抗剂进行药物阻断，有助于确定在各种生理和病理状态下自主神经对心率的调节机制。心率和血压变异性分析提供了关于循环系统自主控制的更多信息，这已被证明在许多临床相关疾病（如高血压、急性心肌梗死、心力衰竭和心脏性猝死易感性）中具有诊断和预后意义。本文将根据现有的流行病学和临床研究，鉴于心率与心血管疾病之间的已知关联，总结影响心率和心率变异性的关键变量。
