Baltaxe C A
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 50024-1759.
Percept Mot Skills. 1991 Jun;72(3 Pt 2):1187-202. doi: 10.2466/pms.1991.72.3c.1187.
Little information is available on very young children's identification of vocal-verbal expressions of affect and the accurate differentiation of various affect types. The present study examined the perception of affective prosodic intonation patterns in 10 normal children aged 39 to 48 months. Audio-recordings of affective intonation patterns (angry, happy, neutral, and sad) served as perceptual stimuli. The children were asked to match each auditory stimulus with an appropriate visual-facial representation. Analysis showed that children's correct identification exceeded errors by more than 2 to 1. There was a significant difference in the identification of different types of emotions. All types of affect, except neutral, occurred above chance. Misperceptions from all categories fell predominantly into the happy category, an apparent "pollyanna" effect. Receptive language age, sex, and IQ did not affect the outcome, but chronological age did. Results are discussed in terms of perceptual salience of acoustic parameters and other factors. Possible effects of emotional trauma on the performance of one subject are discussed.
关于幼儿对情感的言语表达的识别以及对各种情感类型的准确区分，目前可获得的信息很少。本研究考察了10名年龄在39至48个月的正常儿童对情感韵律语调模式的感知。情感语调模式（愤怒、高兴、中性和悲伤）的录音用作感知刺激。要求儿童将每个听觉刺激与适当的视觉面部表情相匹配。分析表明，儿童的正确识别率比错误率高出两倍多。不同类型情绪的识别存在显著差异。除中性外，所有类型的情感识别正确率均高于随机水平。所有类别中的错误感知主要集中在高兴类别，这是一种明显的“乐观”效应。接受性语言年龄、性别和智商不影响结果，但实际年龄有影响。根据声学参数的感知显著性和其他因素对结果进行了讨论。还讨论了情感创伤对一名受试者表现的可能影响。
