Tiozzo Stefano, Murray Maureen, Degnan Bernard M, De Tomaso Anthony W, Croll Roger P
Institute of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, CA, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2009 Aug;238(8):2081-94. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22023.
Botryllus schlosseri is a colonial ascidian, and the closest relative to vertebrates that can completely regenerate its entire body, including all somatic and germline tissues, using an asexual developmental pathway called blastogenesis. This regenerative potential exhibited by Botryllus and other colonial ascidians does not exist in any other chordate and makes B. schlosseri a promising model to investigate the cellular and molecular basis of regeneration. In this report, we describe postembryonic myogenesis and characterized the development of the neural system during blastogenic development. alpha-Tubulin immunoreactivity revealed a high correlation with previous studies on the motor nervous system. The pattern of the serotoninergic system in the adult reflects that observed in solitary ascidians, but in early blastogenesis suggests a morphogenic role of this monoamine. In summary, this study provides the morphological framework to dissect the mechanisms underlying the ability to regenerate entire organ systems as an adult in a chordate model.
葡萄贝（Botryllus schlosseri）是一种群体海鞘，是与脊椎动物亲缘关系最近的物种，它能够通过一种名为出芽生殖的无性发育途径完全再生其整个身体，包括所有体细胞和生殖细胞组织。葡萄贝和其他群体海鞘所展现出的这种再生潜能在任何其他脊索动物中都不存在，这使得葡萄贝成为研究再生的细胞和分子基础的一个很有前景的模型。在本报告中，我们描述了胚胎后肌生成，并对出芽生殖发育过程中神经系统的发育进行了特征描述。α-微管蛋白免疫反应显示与先前关于运动神经系统的研究高度相关。成体中血清素能系统的模式反映了在单体海鞘中观察到的情况，但在早期出芽生殖中表明这种单胺具有形态发生作用。总之，本研究提供了形态学框架，以剖析在一个脊索动物模型中作为成体再生整个器官系统能力背后的机制。
