Samani Reza Omani, Moalem Mohammad Reza Rezania, Merghati Seyed Taha, Alizadeh Leila
Ethical department of Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran.
Reprod Biomed Online. 2009;19 Suppl 1:29-33. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60061-2.
So far, more than 2 million babies have been born worldwide through assisted reproduction technologies. For many couples, there is no treatment except by involving a third party. Recently, embryo donation law has been approved by Iran's parliament and now it is legal in Iran. But there is a misunderstanding regarding the source of embryos: they can be obtained from surplus frozen embryos of infertile couples or embryos can be made from donated spermatozoa and eggs from fertile married couples. Here in this paper we discuss ethical, religious and legal aspects of these two procedures and present the advantages and disadvantages of them. Meanwhile, the new term 'both-gamete donation' was defined for the procedure that is practised here instead of 'embryo donation'. In conclusion we can say: (i) Iranian law means only embryo donation and covers only surplus embryos from other infertile couples and not both-gamete donation; (ii) as gamete donation is practised in Iran upon decrees of clergy leaders, we have no law or legislation against both-gamete donation; (iii) there are many ethical, legal and religious questions about both-gamete donation to be answered; (iv) ethical and religious questions are fewer concerning embryo donation compared with both-gamete donation; and (v) embryo sharing is a good way for donation of fresh embryos.
到目前为止，全球已有超过200万婴儿通过辅助生殖技术诞生。对于许多夫妇来说，除了借助第三方之外别无他法。最近，伊朗议会批准了胚胎捐赠法，现在胚胎捐赠在伊朗是合法的。但对于胚胎的来源存在误解：胚胎可以从不孕夫妇剩余的冷冻胚胎中获取，或者由有生育能力的已婚夫妇捐赠的精子和卵子培育而成。在本文中，我们将讨论这两种程序在伦理、宗教和法律方面的问题，并阐述它们的优缺点。同时，针对此处所实施的程序，定义了新术语“双配子捐赠”，而非“胚胎捐赠”。总之，我们可以说：（i）伊朗法律仅指胚胎捐赠，且仅涵盖其他不孕夫妇剩余的胚胎，不包括双配子捐赠；（ii）由于伊朗依据神职人员领袖的法令实施配子捐赠，我们没有针对双配子捐赠的法律或法规；（iii）关于双配子捐赠有许多伦理、法律和宗教问题有待解答；（iv）与双配子捐赠相比，胚胎捐赠涉及的伦理和宗教问题较少；（v）胚胎共享是新鲜胚胎捐赠的一种好方式。
