Ali Zahid, Cousin Sylvie, Frühling Anja, Brambilla Evelyne, Schumann Peter, Yang Yun, Stackebrandt Erko
DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2009 Oct;59(Pt 10):2610-7. doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.008771-0. Epub 2009 Jul 21.
Strains WB 3.3-2(T), WB 3.2-61(T), WB 4.1-42(T) and WB 2.3-68(T) were isolated from the Westerhöfer Bach hard water rivulet, North Germany. The strains were Gram-staining-negative and catalase-, aminopeptidase- and oxidase-positive. The novel strains lacked flagella and only strain WB3.2-61(T) showed gliding motility. Isolates WB 3.2-61(T), WB 4.1-42(T) and WB 2.3-68(T) produced flexirubin pigments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel strains showed <98.2 % similarity to the type strains of all recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium. Strains WB 3.3-2(T) and WB 4.1-42(T) shared 96.3 % sequence similarity and were only distantly related to the type strains of all of the members of the genus Flavobacterium. Strain WB 3.2-61(T) branched adjacent to Flavobacterium limicola DSM 15094(T) (98.0 %), while strain WB 2.3-68(T) was a neighbour of Flavobacterium psychrophilum DSM 3660(T) (97.1 %). On R2A medium, iso-C(15 : 0) was the common major fatty acid; fatty acids C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0) 3-OH, iso-C(17 : 1)omega9c, iso-C(17 : 0) 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C(16 : 1)omega7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH) occurred in all strains though sometimes in low amounts. Metabolic properties revealed clear differences between the four isolates as well as between the isolates and their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. The lack of close relatedness was confirmed by Riboprinter and MALDI-TOF analyses of cell extracts. On the basis of a high number of phenotypic differentiating properties and phylogenetic uniqueness, four novel Flavobacterium species are proposed with the following names: Flavobacterium rivuli (type strain WB 3.3-2(T)=DSM 21788(T)=CIP 109865(T)), Flavobacterium subsaxonicum (type strain WB 4.1-42(T)=DSM 21790(T)=CIP 109867(T)), Flavobacterium swingsii (type strain WB 2.3-68(T)=DSM 21789(T)=CIP 109868(T)) and Flavobacterium reichenbachii (type strain WB 3.2-61(T)=DSM 21791(T)=CIP 109866(T)).
菌株WB 3.3 - 2(T)、WB 3.2 - 61(T)、WB 4.1 - 42(T)和WB 2.3 - 68(T)是从德国北部的韦斯特霍费尔巴赫硬水小溪中分离得到的。这些菌株革兰氏染色阴性，过氧化氢酶、氨肽酶和氧化酶呈阳性。这些新菌株没有鞭毛，只有菌株WB3.2 - 61(T)表现出滑动运动。分离株WB 3.2 - 61(T)、WB 4.1 - 42(T)和WB 2.3 - 68(T)产生柔韧杆菌红素色素。基于16S rRNA基因序列的系统发育分析表明，这些新菌株与黄杆菌属所有已确认物种的模式菌株的相似性小于98.2%。菌株WB 3.3 - 2(T)和WB 4.1 - 42(T)的序列相似性为96.3%，与黄杆菌属所有成员的模式菌株只有远缘关系。菌株WB 3.2 - 61(T)在与嗜泥黄杆菌DSM 15094(T)（98.0%）相邻处分支，而菌株WB 2.3 - 68(T)是嗜冷黄杆菌DSM 3660(T)（97.1%）的邻接菌株。在R2A培养基上，异-C(15 : 0)是常见的主要脂肪酸；脂肪酸C(15 : 0)、C(16 : 0)、异-C(15 : 0) 3-OH、异-C(17 : 1)ω9c、异-C(17 : 0) 3-OH和总和特征3（包括C(16 : 1)ω7c和/或异-C(15 : 0) 2-OH）在所有菌株中都有出现，不过有时含量较低。代谢特性显示这四个分离株之间以及分离株与其最接近的系统发育邻接菌株之间存在明显差异。通过对细胞提取物的核糖体印记分析和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间分析，证实了它们之间缺乏密切相关性。基于大量的表型鉴别特性和系统发育独特性，提出了四个新的黄杆菌物种，名称如下：韦氏黄杆菌（模式菌株WB 3.3 - 2(T)=DSM 21788(T)=CIP 109865(T)）、亚萨克森黄杆菌（模式菌株WB 4.1 - 42(T)=DSM 21790(T)=CIP 109867(T)）、斯温氏黄杆菌（模式菌株WB 2.3 - 68(T)=DSM 21789(T)=CIP 109868(T)）和赖兴巴赫黄杆菌（模式菌株WB 3.2 - 61(T)=DSM 21791(T)=CIP 109866(T)）。
