Hong Yiguo, Li Meng, Gu Jidong
Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environment Dynamics, South China Sea Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 Xingang Road West, Guangzhou 510301, China.
Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 2009 Mar;49(3):281-6.
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a microbial oxidation process of ammonium, with nitrite as the electron acceptor and dinitrogen gas as the main product, and is performed by a clade of deeply branched Planctomycetes, which possess an intracytoplasmic membrane-bounded organelle, the anammoxosome, for the Anammox process. The wide distribution of Anammox bacteria in different natural environments has been greatly modified the traditional view of biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen, in which microbial denitrifier is considered as the only organism to respire nitrate and nitrite to produce nitric and nitrous oxides, and eventually nitrogen gas. More evidences indicate that Anammox is responsible for the production of more than 50% of oceanic N2 and plays an important role in global nitrogen cycling. Moreover, due to the close relationship between nitrogen and carbon cycling, it is anticipated that Anammox process might also affect the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, and influence the global climate change. In addition, the simultaneous transformation of nitrite and ammonium in wastewater treatment by Anammox would allow a 90% reduction in operational costs and provide a much more effective biotechnological process for wastewater treatment.
厌氧氨氧化是一种以亚硝酸盐为电子受体、氮气为主要产物的氨微生物氧化过程，由一类进化分支较深的浮霉菌门细菌执行，这类细菌拥有一个用于厌氧氨氧化过程的胞内膜结合细胞器——厌氧氨氧化体。厌氧氨氧化细菌在不同自然环境中的广泛分布极大地改变了传统的氮生物地球化学循环观点，在传统观点中微生物反硝化菌被认为是唯一能将硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原以产生一氧化氮和一氧化二氮并最终生成氮气的生物体。越来越多的证据表明，厌氧氨氧化产生了超过50%的海洋氮气，并在全球氮循环中发挥着重要作用。此外，由于氮循环与碳循环关系密切，预计厌氧氨氧化过程可能还会影响大气中二氧化碳的浓度，并影响全球气候变化。此外，厌氧氨氧化在废水处理中同时转化亚硝酸盐和铵，可使运营成本降低90%，并为废水处理提供一种更有效的生物技术工艺。
